SYNOPSIS
Housing problems on earth can be traced
to the time when God evicted Adam and Eve from the garden of Eden, because of
their sin.This project is aimed at evaluating housing problems in Ibadan, Oyo
state. Many theories were reviewed in other
to get more facts on this research work. Data were collected by
administering questionnaires to selected population located in Sango East of
Ibadan. The reseacher identified the different types of housing and housing
problem in the study area, factors that constitute housing problem in the study
area and the strategies that can be employed to check or minimize the problems.
Morealso, for the critical analysis and
presentation, table were used for clear explanation of the subject matter.To
give the work a final touch, finding on the negligence of the concerned local
government, the neccessary stakeholder and appropriate provision of facilities, lacking in the area
were exposed, due to this various procedure
of urban policies were itemized and explained, also Goverment have been
adviced on poverty alleviation programmes and also to educate the people living
in the study area the effect and dangers in living in a bad housing to give the
case study a new look of a development.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
Housing is the
permanently shelter for human habitation. Because shelter is necessary to everyone,
the problem of providing adequate housing has long been a concern, no only of
individuals, but to government as well. Thus, the history of housing is inseperable from the social,
economic and political development of mankind
All over the
world, it is a widely acknowledge fact that shelter is one of the most basic
human needs suffice it to say that inspite of its importance, it is one of the
problem that has been given the least attention in both urban and rural areas
of the country.
The genesis of
housing problems in Nigeria dated back to colonial government failed to evolve
and articulate housing programme beyond the Government Reserved Areas (GRA).
The colonial era
has been a period of self centeredness on the part of the colonial masters as
far as social housing in Nigeria was concerned. Studies have shown that the
colonial masters builts empires for themselves in the so- called Europeans
quaters and Government Reserved Areas (GRA). This was necesssitated partly by
the colonial masters quest for quiet residentials areas and partly for thier desire for class and
executive life. The colonial masters never considered it neccessary to provide
decent housing for thier black counterparts, but were forced to do so when
there was a threat to thier lives following to outbreak of an epidemis. A case
in mind was that of Lagos Executives Development Board, which was established
in 1928 as a result of the destructive effect of the bubonic plaque,and was
aimed at the clearing the slums in Lagos, being the area suspected to be
epidemic by promoters. An attemptss was further made by colonial master to
provide housing for the civil servants under
a plan tagged “African Staff Housing Scheme” that was tagged to be
facilitated by Nigeria building society.
In post-colonial
Era, sequel to Nigerian Independence in 1960, emphasis was placed on
five-yearly development plan as a vehincle for economic growth, The first and
second national Development plan covering the period 1960-1970 did not give
housing any significant place until 1972 when during the extended second
National Development Plan, housing
scheme under which government was to build 54000 housing unit by the end of
1979. Under third National Development Plan, whixh covered the period of 1975
-1980 government took a giant stride to address the National housing deficit of
the country by engaging in social housing provision.
During the period
a rent panel was set up to review the level in the country. This
marked the first attempt by government to recognize the housing problem
of the less previledge people of Nigeria who has lost all sense of dignity as
well as economicworth as citizen of an oil rich country. The forth National Development plan, which covered the
period 1980-1985 contained the most significant policy that addressed that
nations housing problem and an overiding objectives of improving the overall
quqntity and quality of housing for all income, groups both in rural and urban
especially.
1.2 STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM.
The pooled effect
of high population upsurge and urbanization in a declining economy has thrown
Nigeria into serious housing problems, Ironically, the low-income groups who
constitute the majority in the society
are the most affected by the finance menance.
The problems of
housing shortage grow worse by the day in many devoloping nations including
Nigeria. Conceivably, a major trait of housing crisis notable in urban centres
in most developing nations is that of inadequate supply relative to demand
(Olotuah, 2000).
The shortage, in
both quantitative and qualitative terms, is more acute in urban centres.
Omijinmi (2000) observed that people that sleep in indecent in urban Nigeria are more than
people who sleep in decent houses; Thus, it is ascertive that there is
inadequacy in population in Nigeria. (Arayela 2003)
The causes of this dearth in
housing are numerous, High construction cost is found to be present in all
countries, albeit in varrying degree of significance ( Adedeji 2007).
Afolayan (1987)
attributes the high cost of construction rate
in economy, high space and quality
standard adopted by designer and construction
1.3.AIM AND OBJECTIVES.
The aim of this study is to assess and evaluate housing
problems in Nigeria with special reference Ibadan city, Oyo State.
The specific objectives for this study are:
1. To set out strategy for minimizing housing problems in Nigeria.
2. To
identify ways of improving housing by developing and sustaining the political
will of government for provision of housing for Ibadan people.
3. To
ascertain the extents in which strenthening
all existing public institution s involve in housing delivery at the
state level will affect the housing delivery
4. To
set out strategy of encouraging and promoting active participation of other
tiers of government in housing delivery.
1.4.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.
The study findings will be of benefit to the estate surveyor and valuer and
property owners; as will reveal the important strategies necessary for
overcoming the challanges before them.The industry stakeholders such as the
client, Architect,Estate Surveyor and Valuer, Builder and government will
better understand the constraints and also assist in mapping out strategies that
will aid thier development.
The government and stakeholders will be better informed through
study recommendation of policy which will assist the property managers and
owner in boosting thier ability and
capacity to quality housing delivery proccess.
Moreover, the project research
can as well be a guide for the incoming student who want to research on
housing or any matter relating to housing.
1.5.
SCOPE OF STUDY.
The scope of this study is based on evaluating of urban housing
problems in Ibadan of Oyo state. But inview of the wide nature of the research
topic, the study will focus mainly on Ibadan metropolis.
1.6.LIMITATION OF STUDY.
In the course of this research work, some factors hindered the
free flow of work such as inadequate finance, level of illetracy from the
public, non release of vital document or information in the respective local
government and limited time available for this research work and cost of
preparation.
1.7.STUDY AREA.
Oyo State cover approximately an area of 28,458 kilometers and
is ranked 14th by size, it is bounded in the south by Ogun state in the north
by kwara state, in the west it is partly bounded by Ogun state and partly by
the republic of Benin, while in the East
by Osun State.
Oyo State contain a number of natural features including the
old national pack. The climate is equitorial notably with dry and wet season
with relatively high humidity. The dry season last from November to march while
the wet starts from April and ends in October Average daily temperature ranges
between 25c(77.00 F) and 35 c (95.00 F) almost through the
year.
Oyo State is located in the south west region of Nigeria, latitude 8 degree and longitude 4
degree East bisect state into four nearly equal parts. The people of oyo state
are Yoruba with common ancestor in
oduduwa within the state however, there are sub-ethnic group with distinct
dialet peculiarities. The people of Oyo state may be divided into five broad
groups, viz Ibadan, Ibarapas, Oyo Oke Ogun and Ogbomosos.
1.8. DEFINITION OF
TERMS.
1. HOUSING: Housing is a permanent shelter
for human habitation, or house and other building where people lives. OR
Housing can means a dwelling that enders a bundle of services which ranges from
the units to bases from which economic activities can be pursued.
2. URBANIZATION: Can be defined as the
outcome of socia, economic and political development that leads to urban
concentration and growth of large cities, changes in land use and
transformation from rural to metropolitan pattern of organization and governance.
3. URBAN AREA: Is an area where
sociol-economic activities take place and also identified with such use like
residential, ccommercial, individual, recreational centre and many others.
4. SHELTER: Is a structure that protects
the occupants from environmental factors and dangers. Shelter is universally
acknowledged as one of the most basic human needs, with a profound impact on
the lifestyles, hapiness as well as productivity of indidual.
5. PUBLIC HOUSING: Is the housing embacked
upon by the government or government organization relating to housing e.g
Federal Housing Authority(FHA) and state Housing coporations. The aim of public
involvement in the housing is to make houses available to the masses at
affordable cost. The objective is contrary to that of private developers whose
aim is to profit maximization.
6. PRIVATE HOUSING: Can be defined as when
private organization or an individual embacked
on housing programmes with the aim of making profit for investing in
such venture.