TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
2.2 NEEM
2.3 MODE OF ACTION
2.4 AGRICULTURAL CROP PESTS RICE
2.5 SAFETY ON NATURAL ENEMIES
2.6 PRECAUTIONS FOR EFFECTIVE APPLICATION
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 STUDY AREA
3.2 PREPARATION OF THE INSECTICIDE
3.3 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 RESULTS
4.2 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
ABSTRACT
Insecticides are simply chemicals in gaseous or liquid or any other form, used to kill insects. Insecticides do not just kill insects, they also repel them. This means that insects stay off areas where insecticides have been applied, lest they die.
People use insecticides all over Nigeria. The climatic nature of Nigeria, coupled with the increasingly unkempt environment of most regions in Nigeria, makes the use of insecticides almost inevitable. There are mosquitoes and other bugs flying around everywhere you go. These bugs mean sickness, sickness means hospitals, hospitals mean medical bills. And you would agree with me that medical bills cost way more than a dozen insecticides. This is why the insecticide business booms in Nigeria, and if you can make your product stand out with top notch quality and reliability, your customer base will be bigger than you dreamt of in time.
In Nigeria today, things are so expensive that even the wealthy people are complaining. Everybody is looking for how to save cost on one item or the other, so as to have more free money to work with. It is not unusual to find people leaving their cars at home and opting for public transport once in a while.
This tells you that people are looking for cheaper ways of living. You can provide that for them in the form of liquid insecticides. Today in the market, popular spray insecticides like Raid, Baygon, etc have sky-rocketed their prices. People are looking for alternatives, but they do not know how to get such.
The spray insecticides have the advantage of portability and flexibility. Their packaging is top notch, and it makes the handler seem ‘tush’. So why don’t you get creative with your packaging of the liquid insecticides? There are cost effective ways of creatively branding and packaging your products, and in reality, Nigerians won’t mind since it’s saving them some extra dough.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to Wikipedia “An insecticide is a chemical used against insects. They include homicides and parricides used against the eggs and larvae of insects, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry, and general home use. The use of insecticides is believed to be one of the major factors behind the increase in agricultural productivity in the 20th century. Nearly all insecticides have the potential to significantly alter ecosystems; many are toxic to humans; and others are concentrated in the food chain.
The classification of insecticides is done in several different ways
Systemic insecticides are incorporated by treated plants. Insects ingest the insecticide while feeding on the plants.
Contact insecticides are toxic to insects brought into direct contact. Efficacy is often related to the quality of pesticide application, with small droplets (such as aerosols) often improving performance.
Natural insecticides, such as nicotine, pyrethrum, and neem extracts are made by plants as defenses against insects. Nicotine-based insecticides are still being widely used in the US and Canada, however they are barred in the EU
Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) are insecticidal substances produced by plants after genetic modification. For instance, a gene that codes for a specific Baccilus thuringiensis biocidal protein is introduced into a crop plant’s genetic material. Then, the plant manufactures the protein. Since the biocide is incorporated into the plant, additional applications, at least of the same compound, are not required.
Inorganic insecticides are manufactured with metals and include arsenates, copper compounds and fluorine compounds, which are now seldom used, and sulfur, which is commonly used.
Organic insecticides are synthetic chemicals that comprise the largest numbers of pesticides available for use today.
Mode of action—how the pesticide kills or inactivates a pest—is another way of classifying insecticides. Mode of action is important in predicting whether an insecticide will be toxic to unrelated species, such as fish, birds, and mammals.
1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study focuses on the production of chemical insecticides using neem oil and the process or procedures involve in neem oil.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to known and illustrate the following:
1. The equipment involve in the production of chemical insecticide using neem oil
2. The quality or measurement of the materials needed for the production of chemical insecticide using neem oil
3. The acidic content of the materials needed for the production of chemical insecticide using neem oil