What are benefits of male sterility?
Incorporating male sterility into hybrid seed production reduces its cost and ensures high varietal purity. Despite these advantages, male-sterile lines have not been widely used to produce tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hybrid seeds.
Which male sterility is mostly used?
pollen sterility
Of the three types of male sterility mentioned, pollen sterility is by far the most common and the only one that has played a major role in plant breeding and hybrid seed production.
How male sterility can be useful for farmers in agriculture?
Male sterility (MS) is important in crop breeding because it greatly facilitates the production of hybrid seeds and utilization of heterosis on a large scale [3] .
What is cytoplasmic male sterility is used in plant breeding?
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. CMS systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in self-pollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops.
What is male sterility and types of male sterility?
Male sterility is characterized by nonfunctional pollen grains, while female gametes function normally. stamens, microspores or gametes. Main reason is mutation.
How do plants maintain male sterility?
Lewis, D. 1941. Male sterility in natural populations of hermaphrodite plants. New Phytol, 40, 56–63.
Why male sterility is important for hybrid seed development?
Through the utilization of male sterility we can reduce the hybrid seed cost nearly of 40 to 70%. Genetically engineered male sterility provides tremendous opportunities to the breeders for enforcing pollination control in hybrid seed production systems.
What is male sterility in maize?
Male-sterile plants are those that fail to produce functional pollen grains. In maize, male sterility can result from either nuclear or mitochondrial gene mutation. The former is referred to as genic male sterility and the latter as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS).
Which male sterility is unstable?
Genetic male sterility is unstable and there are chances of male sterile plants becoming male fertile under low temperature condition. Out of 16 different genes reported in G. hirsutum ms5ms6 is the stable source. However, both the arboreum GMS sources were found to be temperature sensitive.
What is genotypic male sterility?
Genotypic (fig 1.1) i. Genic male sterility: Mendelian inheritance due to nuclear not cytoplasmic genes 1) Arisen as spontaneous mutants in most cases:- high frequency of mutation. 2) Identified in 175 species. 3) Few reciprocal differences observed.
What are the types of male sterility in plants?
The pollen sterility which is caused by nuclear genes is termed as genie or genetic male sterility. This type of sterility has been reported in several crop plants like barley, wheat, maize, cotton, Sorghum, lucerne, cucurbits, tomato, and sugar-beet (Table 10.2).
What does male sterility mean?
The inability of a male either to produce sperm or to produce viable sperm, thereby prohibiting fertilization of the ovum.