CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
According to the trend and research in educational technology in Nigeria, written by Imogie I. (ed) 1991. An Instructional material is the materials that add beauty to teaching. It is the material and equipment, specimen and objects that make teaching and learning to be more effective. Instructional material is the material that makes the lesson really practical.
In addition, to practicalise the lesson, the use of instructional material makes teaching and learning process more interesting and easier.
Instructional materials can be used at the beginning of the lesson to arouse the students’ interest toward some expected goals.
Furthermore, Instructional material is regarded as the sequential arrangement of materials and equipment for a specific learning environment which is targeted towards bringing about available learning/teaching outcome in the recipient.
It is viewed that Instructional materials in teaching and learning of Integrated Science provides opportunity for effective learning by students and it also increase their chances of building insight in their ways of life.
It helps the teacher to cover the syllabus on time and also help in easing problems in the teaching and learning process.
Besides, it involves planning the content to confirm with definite scopes and sequence. It includes motivating students and the use of lesson presentation strategies for optimum teaching and learning benefits.
These Instructional materials are divided into three as follows:
· Visual
· Audio
· Audio Visual
i. Visual materials: as the name implies could be referred to as the type of Instructional materials that are seen practically. These materials ease teaching and learning in schools and colleges.
Visual materials are materials that convey information through the sense of sight. They can therefore be seen and touched. They include, charts, photographs, pictures, posters, maps, specimen, diagram, coins, ball, black board e.t.c.
ii. Audio materials: these are the materials that we can see them but cannot feel them. These are teaching materials that convey information through the sense of hearing. They are called auditory materials because of their sound characteristics.
These materials includes the radio, record, players,
gramophone, drums,whistles, audio tape e.t.c
iii. Audio–Visual material: these are those materials that combine auditory and visual characteristics to convey information. They thereby communicate through the ear and eye. Some of them can also be called multi-media. Example of these kinds of aid include films (with sound), television, sound projector e.t.c.
In addition to these technological advances has also come along way to include video cassettes of some topic in subjects taught in schools were recorded and can be replayed for the students.