TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AS AN AGENT OF INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY

CHAPTER ONE
1.1             INTRODUCTION
Managers and management researchers have long believed that organizational goals are unattainable without the enduring commitment of members of the organization.
Productivity is a measure of the efficiency of a person, machine, factory, system etc., in converting inputs into useful outputs. Productivity is computed by dividing average output per period by the total costs incurred or resources (capital, energy, material, personnel) consumed in that period. Productivity is a critical determinant of cost efficiency.
All organizations are concerned with what should be done to achieve high levels of performance through theory. This means giving close attention to how individuals can be best motivated through such means as incentives, reward, leadership and importantly what they produce and the organization content within which they carry out the work.

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Nigeria is a federal society comprising 36 states structure with a population of more than 150 million people and has more than 250 ethnic groups, which necessitate an arrangement that could accommodate people from the different segments of the country in the public service (Gberevbie, 2012). The notion of federal character presupposes the existence of a federal society. However, as a federal state, Nigeria was faced with the challenge of how to imbibe the principle of federalism in practice. As a result, the quota system was introduced into the Nigerian public service in 1958 by the government to ensure equitable representation of the various groups in the country (Tonwe and Oghator, 2009). To further consolidate on the gains of the quota system, the Federal Military Government of Generals Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun Obasanjo in the drafting and approval of the 1979 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria during the transition to civilian rule (1976-79) introduced into the Nigerian political and administrative landscapes the principle of federal character (Ekeh, 1989). Federal character principle sought to give opportunities in education and employment, usually at the point of entry, to disadvantaged groups and areas to enable them compete and catch up with more advanced areas and sectors of the nation (Ekeh, 1989).
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