ABSTRACTS
A study was
conducted to determine the growth performance of broilers fed on hot water treated
sorghum. 50 days old broilers chicks
were randomly assigned to five treatment in a completely randomized
design. Each group was further sub
divided in to two replicates of 5 bird per replicate, five experimental diet
were formulated such that diet I(c) which was screed to the control which
contain 100% maize, diet II (W1) which contain 25% of sorghum, diet
III (W2) which contain 50% of sorghum, Diet IV (W3) which
contain 75% for sorghum and diet V (W4) which contain 100% of
sorghum. Respectively the response
parameter evaluated for is the growth performance of broilers fed various
treatment diets. The experiment which
was lasted for 3 weeks shows result that bird fed 50% hot water treated white
sorghum diet had significantly (P
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
All
types of poultry birds require their diet to contain a large percentage of
cereal grains to provide energy and protein in their ration
The
primary cereals used in poultry production worldwide include maize, wheat,
sorghum and rice. Sorghum grains is produced is small quantities compare to
maize production in most part of the world and is used in lesser quantities as
an animal feeds (Parthesarathy, 2005).
However,
sorghum is still the second most used cereal grain for commercial growers of
broilers, turkey and egg layers in region where both are grown in the united
state.
Also
the energy portion of poultry diet represent the largest single dietary
ingredient maize which used to be the major source of energy in poultry deities
now very expensive due to low production in the dry areas of the world and the
intense competition between man and livestock (Parthesarathy, 2005 and Issa et al., 2007).
One
important measure that can be taken to alleviate this situation is the use of
alternative energy sources like sorghum and millet which are produced
extensively in the semi-arid regions of the world (Issa et al., 2007).He
reported that sorghum grain can play an important role in poultry feeds in most
countries where it is available.(Traves
et al., 2006)
Although sorghum is said to be of two types base in
the color of the coat, sorghum as many species and varieties and this varieties
according to (Ring et al., 1985)
differ greatly in seed colour, ranging from white to dark brown depending on
the presence of phenol compounds.
The term phenolic compound relates to family
substance something referred to as tanning found mainly in the pericarp of
sorghum grain, actually the phenolic family consist of many aromatic organic
compound including antocynedins and flavones, these compound contributes to flavor and color of
sorghum grains and it may cause bitterness, unpalatability and decrease of
feeds value (Ring et al.,1985)
Tannins are soluble phenolic compound that have the
ability to bind or precipitate protein from aqueous solution. They bind to the
protein rich storage of sorghum and inhibit their digestibility (butter, 1989).
The anti-nutritional effects of tannins including
reduce in feed intake, growth rate and protein utilization and also damage
mucosal lining of the digestive tracts increasing protein or amino-acid in them
may alleviate the deleterious effect of tannins (Mole et al., 1990).
Tannin may be removed or eliminated completely and
several approaches for removal of tannin in sorghum have been proposed (Dido et al., 2002) the most common and
practical ways are by decorticating and soaking for some hours and the socked
grains will later be dried at 600c and grind to obtain the feeds
without changing the nutritional value (Serna-saldiver et al.,1994)
1.1 OBJECTIVES
1
To determine the effect
of hot water processing (soaking) on nutritional composition of white sorghum.
2
To determine the effect
of hot water treated sorghum on broiler feed intake, weight gain and feed
conversion ratio.
3
To ascertain the
inclusion level of hot water treated white sorghum on the performance of
broiler chicks.
1.2 JUSTIFICATION
Maize which forms the major energy source for
poultry in Nigeria is however becoming expensive as a result of the decline in
its production due to changing climate as well as its food and industrial uses.
This calls for research into alternative energy sources which are readily
available and have little industrial uses. Sorghum grains could be very good
feed stuff for broiled chickens if effort can be made to reduced or eliminate
its anti-nutritional factor other wise
know as tannin, this is supported by (Danicle et al., 2004) who stated that all the dietary maize portion of
broiler diets can be replaced with sorghum with little or no tannin.