CHAPTER TWO
INTRODUCTION
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
This section shall examine at length the meaning of the effect of work environment and some selected theories of work environment. Also brief attention will be given to the application of the various existing theories in respect of the Nigeria work environment. Over the years, theories has made series of attempt to unravel the mystery surrounding why people tend to display certain behaviour in a given condition, they believe that every behaviour manifested in the work place or otherwise is a goal directed. Work environment entails its buildings, its furniture, and layout as well as the physical condition under which employee operate. This brings us to the definition of environment. Kochan (1980) considers environment in the following context, economic context, and social and technology context. It could be looked at as the surrounding of all situation, people event etc that influence life. Thus, people who are working in a good environment exert greater effort to perform than those who work in an unhealthy environment. However, this definition above as related to the following theorist tells us more about work environment.
2.2 TYPES OF WORK ENVIRONMENT
Work environment are grouped into two; the internal environment and the external environment.
THE EXTERNAL WORK ENVIRONMENT
Molokwu (1993) sees external work environment as a result of factors such as custom and laws of the community within which the business operate, weather condition, policies etc outside the work environment. Kochan (1980) was of the opinion that external work environment are exhaustively discussed as under the following environment contexts such as economic context, public, policy context, etc.
THE INTERNAL WORK ENVIRONMENT
Internal work environment is seen as the surroundings such as things concerned with the operation. Molokwu (1993) on his own view that internal work environment consist of the buildings, furnitures, layout, as well as the physical conditions under which employees operate.
2.3 GENERAL EFFECT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT
The environment has many effects and opined by the following theorists, Gnaft (1964) comments on the effect of work environment, in his write up he stated that environmental factors contributes to employees productivity, quality output, level of wastage and rate of turnover. He further postulated that unhealthy depressing and unsafe work environment leads to job that air is not polluted and that safety of employees must be protected for higher productivity by ensuring that air is not polluted and that the physical environment should be devoid of any injury or threat to the life of workers. Hicks (1974) Discussed that an organization does not exist in a vacuum, it exist in him, there is nothing a worker can do without the environment being friendly and conducive. As a result of this, all efforts should be geared towards providing those conditions like enough space, good ventilated office, adequate light and other materials that will enhance the productivity of the employees. Oliver (1975), in his own contribution stated that an unsafe physical condition gives rise to accident of which employees are bound to sustain injuries in thier working place. Unsafe equipment and tools, polluted air with toxic substance, poor ventilation and inadequate personal protective equipment pose a great danger to the health and life of employee. These things drastically help to reduce productivity of the employee. He went further to urge employers of labour to provide good working environment that is safe without risk to health and also provide facilities that will ensure the welfare of employees at work.