CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Radio broadcasting is the transmission of signals
intended for reception that is carried through the public our waves. The radio
is one of the best media of mass communication
because it cuts across literacy and through the public airwaves, it can
reach large heterogeneous audience.
Radio is definitely a part of human lives whether
you listen to AM,FM, digitally enhanced “HD’ radio satellite radio internet
web-based station or participate I amateur “ham” radio transmission, you are
using radio even your cell phone or pager uses radio waves and frequencies to
operate.
The establishment of unilorin radio on Nigeria
higher institutions enhances academic and social activities on these campuses.
Information dissemination to both the students an staff of the institution can
be done at ease academics seminars and social activities can be carried out on
campus of unilorin through the unilorin radio broadcasting plat form.
Unilorin radio (also known as 89.3fm) is run by
students of the university of Ilorin, programs of the station are exclusively
by students but sometimes include programmers from the wider community in which
the radio station is based.
Unilorin radio is established with the aim oif
broadcasting educational programme through other radio station existing to
provide an alternative to commercial broadcasting on government broadcasters.
Unilorin radio has the widest audience and
popularity among any other campus radio. According to MGbefume (1985) the term broadcasting
media is the scattering or spreading of information, news messages, ideas or
thoughts through the air by means to what we know as radio communicated to a
large heterogeneous audience who are located at different point of a wider area
for reception through an appropriate salts of equipment designed for their
purpose i.e through the radio and television set and such message can be
received either orally or visually or both ways. Unilorin radio can this be
said to have fulfilled this definition of broadcasting media.
Campus radio stations are generally licensed and
regulated by national government and so is unilorin radio.
One commodity between many radio station regard less
of their physical locations is willingness- or, in some countries, even a
licensing is requirement – to broadcasting musical selection that are not
categorized as commercial nits. Because of this unilorin radio has come to be
associated with emerging musical tends, including genres such as punk and new
wave, alternative rook and ship hop, long before those genres become part of
the musical mainstream. Unilorin radio also provides airplay and promotional
exposure to new and emerging local artists
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is a known fact that radio as a broadcasting
medium has contributed immensely to the socio political and economic
development of Nigeria, this research work will thus evaluate the effective
roles and the Nigeria contribution of Unilorin radio to students’ performance
on Nigeria institution campuses.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
(i)
Do unilorin radio
contributes to the development and consumption pattern of academic activities I
Nigeria higher institution?
(ii)
What are the hindrance
militating against the adequate utilization of unilorin radio in Nigeria higher
institution campuses
(iii)
In what ways can
unilorin radio be improved on Nigeria higher institution campuses?
(iv)
What are the
contributions of institution governing bodies in establishing unilorin radio on
Nigeria higher institution
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of the study is to educated the
management of unilorin radio with the
aim of assessing roles in enhancing academic performance of students on Nigeria
higher institution campuses?
1.5 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
The study is very important as it will enhance
further development of unilorin radio in the institution which already has it
and it will serve as an eye opener to other institutions which are yet to
constitute their own campus radio as the study greatly highlighted the
importance of campus radio on Nigeria higher institution campuses?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study will cover the theoretical
scope behind radio as a broadcasting media. It will also evaluate the
performance of unilorin FM as a case study of the research.
1.7 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RADIO IN NIGERIA
Early attempts on wireless transmission were made by
auglielmo Marconi. He worked on enrich hertiz’s theory of electromagnetic waves
by using American, Marconi realized he needed a wireless link to achieve his
aim.
Nigeria first had its taste of broadcasting in 1932
since it has a principal target of british entalist propaganda. The british
government decide to link its colonies with Britain.
It started with simple transmission of BBC
programmes on a relay system operated in Britain. The system was called radio
distribution service (RDS), subscription to RDS started in Lagos, Ibadan,
Enugu, Kaduna, and Portharcourt. By 1950, a solid premises had been laid for
indigenization of broadcast service in Nigeria.
In 1951, following the British government’s
acceptance of Airport, the Nigeria broadcasting service (NIB’S) was established
through it operated under the (BBC). The colonial powers continued to keep a
meticulous hold on the operation of N.B.C.
The Nigeria broadcasting service monopolized the
broadcasting teoram of Nigeria till a political incident in the late 1950’s
which precipitated an unyielding need for a rival broadcasting outfit.
It all started when a motion was? Since it was
intended to truncate colonial rule in Nigeria and pared way for our country’s
independence it did not enjoy unanimous support of the parliamentarians it
created a lot of the house by members of the action group and mass resignation
of materials oppontee’s embolic marked a turning point the political system.
The walk out of the house death a serious blow to the operation of McPherson
constitution which at that time had just been promulgated. The constitution
which replaced the Richard’s constitution had granted more power and autonomy
to regions.
All the acts infuriated the colonial governor at
that time, Mr. McPherson he went on air to broadcasting to the nation and he
said he regretted what he referred to as loss of good will from the regions to
the central government the speech was directed at the action group.
The action did not want the colonial governor’s
speech to go without a reply. Chief Obafemi Awolowo bought to use NBS for his
reply but was denied access to the medium. The action infuriated chief Obafemi
Awolowo who expressed disappointment at the way the NBS allowed itself to be
manipulated by the colonial governor.
When the time came to review the 1953 constitution,
an assignment precipitant by the action group’s face off with the central
government. The party canvassed for the removal of broadcasting matters from
the executive list to the concurrent list. It was therefore a mark of victory
for action group when this was done.
The action group immediately set in motion machinery
to set up a broadcasting station that will not only by rivalry but by the
superior to the N.B.S.
The transformation of the NBS in 1957 to Nigeria
broadcasting corporation (NBC) did not excite Chief Awolowo.
The dream of Chief Awolowo and his group came to
fruition in October 1959 when established and started television broadcasting
corporation entered into partnership with overseas rediffusion Ltd U.K a
foreign broadcasting company for radio broadcasting two years later the shares
of foreign partner and become the sole proprietor, thereby making western
Nigeria broadcasting in ccorporation to engage in both radio and television
broadcasting. This revolution are broadcasting in Nigeria and broke the monopoly
of the N.B.C other region began to follow and more radio stations began to
spring up and are still springing up till today.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Broadcasting:- broadcasting is the distribution of
audio and video content to a disperse audience via any audio or visual mass
communication medium but usually one using electromagnetic radiation (radio
waves).
Media:- this is an (electronics & computer
services / communication & information) the means of communication that
reach large number of people such as television, newspaper and radio.
Education:- this is an act or process of importing
or gaining knowledge, judgment and a level of intellectual maturity or an act
or process of imparting or acquiring particular knowledge or skill as or a
profession.
Development:- development is the act of process of
growing progressing or developing.
Media consumption:- media consumption of the media
diet in the sum of information and entertainment media taken in by an
individual or group.
HYPOTHESIS
H1:-
Uniilorin radio contributes to the academic performance of
students in Nigeria
H2:-
Uniilorin radio does not contributes to the academic
performance of students in Nigeria
H1:-
Uniilorin radio can improve the academic performance of
students in Nigeria
H2:- Uniilorin radio cannot improve the academic
performance of
students in Nigeria
H1:-
uniilorin radio have some iderance due to back of adequate
utilization use of the radio station in Nigeria
H2:-
Uniilorin radio does not have any iderance due to lack of
adequate utilization of the radio station in Nigeria
H1:-
Uniilorin radio contributes to Nigeria light institution through
the institution governing bodies
H2:- Uniilorin radio does not contributes to
Nigeria higher
institution through the intuition governing bodies.