CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Instructional materials according to
Emma and Ajayi (2004) are those things which help teaching and learning
process. It helps to promote understanding of the concept and generalization by
making lesson practical and realistic. Any teacher who has the interest of the
student at heart is bound to think of the ways and means he will employ to make
his teaching and learning process moiré effective and more interesting to the
student.
Health on the other hand, is been
defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2004) “as a state of complete,
physical, mental and social well-being not merely the absent of disease or
infirmity.
According to Odue (2011),
economics is a process of acquiring health information to make judgment on
health behaviour and practices. Economics is sum of all experiences that
will develop desirable attitudes, practices and knowledge of an individual,
family of community health. The emphasis in economics also includes a
teaching and learning transaction between the health teachers and the recipient
or student. According to Adeniyi (2000), the the effect of instructional
materials is to communicate more permanently, health related issues, and
information is retained when supplemented with aid. Certainly, instructional
materials when carefully selected and skillfully used will make learning more
effective. Therefore, it becomes necessary to investigate the importance of
instructional materials in teaching and learning of economics. Using Oredo
Local Government Area as the case study.
However, man and animal possess the
necessary abilities for learning. In other words, they are potential learners.
Certain factors within and outside the learner determine how effectively each
individual learn. They are internal when they lie within the individual and
external when they lie outside the learner or individual as the case may be.
Instructional materials can be in
different forms such as textual and non-textual, the visual the auditory and
audio-visual. Witwoth and Benson (2003), indicate that there is a need for
research on the use and effectiveness of instructional materials in
economics classroom that would enhances its teaching. With these concerns
in mind and the educational development in Oredo Areas of Edo State. The
current study is carried out to address the issues of the the effect of
instructional materials in economics teaching in the schools.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The effect of instructional materials
in economics instructions has been widely researched but many questions
are still remaining unanswered. The needs for exploring locally available
materials as an alternative for the grossly unavailable materials in our
schools, resourcefulness of the teacher must be in line with the learners’
curriculum and environment so that classroom teaching does not have to be
retarded by lack of funds.
The effect of instructional materials
in economics instructions has been widely researched but many questions
are still remaining unanswered. The needs for exploring locally available
materials as an alternative for the grossly unavailable materials in our
schools, resourcefulness of the teacher must be in line with the learners’
curriculum and environment so that classroom teaching does not have to be
retarded by lack of funds.
The problems are that; instructional
materials not available in our schools, teachers are not improvising and
reluctant in using them. Thus, study seeks to examine the effect of
instructional materials in the learning and teaching of economics in Nigeria
Schools in Oredo Local Government.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is:
1. Investigate type of instructional materials used
in teaching and learning of Economics in government senior secondary schools in
Oredo L.G.A
2. Ascertain the benefits of the use of
instructional materials in the teaching of economics to students
3. Unravel problems associated with the
instructional materials used in teaching and learning of Economics in the study
area.
1.4 Research Questions
1.
What is the type of instructional materials
used in teaching and learning of Economics in government senior secondary
schools in Oredo L.G.A?
2.
What are the benefits of the use of
instructional materials in the teaching of economics to students?
3.
What are the problems associated with the
instructional materials used in teaching and learning of Economics in the study area?
1.5 Significance of the study
The significance of the study is to
identify the effect of instructional materials in the learning and teaching of economics and
how both the teacher and the learner can manipulate the instructional materials
to achieve maximum learning objectives.
The study would be a great importance
to the ministry of education and the Edo State Government and society at large.
It will certainly help the ministry too to identify the basic instructional
materials for teaching and learning of economics. This is equally of great
importance to the students in Oredo, since it will help them to identify the
instructional materials that are lacking in their school and make necessary
provision for them.
1.6 Scope of the study
The scope of the study covers the use
and effect of instructional materials in teaching economics in Oredo Local
Government Area.
It is the desire of the researcher to
go around some selected primary and post primary school in Oredo Local
Government Area to make some observation of the effect of instructional
materials by the teachers and learners to affect the teaching and learning
situation.
1.7 Definition of Terms:
Instructional Materials: Things that
help teaching and learning process to be more effective and efficient.
Education: Process of requiring
information, instruction, knowledge and skills that brings about attitudinal
change in the behaviour of an individual.
Performance: The process of accessing
the student behavioural change through process of asking question
Utilize: Making the effect of
instructional materials on the individual.
Audios: These are teaching aids which
appeal to sense of hearing.
Audio-Visual: These are instructional
materials that can be used to assist teaching and learning via the sense of
sight and hearing.
1.8 Assumption
Learning is
more meaningful to the child through the the effect of instructional materials.
Teachers who use instructional materials are more effective in their teaching
than those who do not make the effect of instructional materials. Instructional
materials are so expensive and difficult to make. A lot of teachers teach in
abstraction.
It is the duty
of the ministry of education to supply or provide instructional materials to
school. It is only the student in training that makes the effect
of the instructional materials in order to pass their
examination. Enough instructional materials are not
being used in primary and post primary school in Oredo Local Government Area of
Edo State.