Abstract
This
research presents the results of investigation into the application of
scientific management theory. The population for the study consists of civil
servants in Abakaliki Ebonyi state. A sample of 40 civil servant. Data were
gathered using a self -constructed questionnaire. The validity and reliability
of instrument were ascertained. The result of the study revealed that that only
few of the government workers or civil servants has little knowledge on
Fredrick Taylor scientific theory of management, that means if only little
people knows about the theory there is no ways it can be applied unless little
part of the theory is applied by the management without knowing, also this
study reveals that management of civil service in Ebonyi state are performing
more than expected by making sure their workers are all satisfied.
Therefore
it is recommended that the Ebonyi State government should as a matter of
urgency start training and organizing the civil servant through seminars and
other means on different management theory that can help the management and
other civil servants in the state.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 CONCEPTUAL
CLARIFICATION
2.2 THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
2.3 EMPIRICAL
REVIEW
2.4 SUMMARY
OF LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTINTRODUCTION
3.2 RESESEARCH
DESIGN
3.3 STUDY
POPULATION
3.4 SAMPLE
AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
3.5 DATA FOR THE STUDY:
INSTRUMENTATION
3.6 METHOD
OF DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTPRESENTATATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 DATA
ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
OF FINDINGS
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
REFRENCE
APPENDIX
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Management
is the arrangement of available human and material resources for the
achievement of desired goals and objectives (Nwune, Nwogbo & Okonkwo,
2016). Management is also the productive use of available resources in an
efficient and effective manner geared towards goals realization. Sen and
Saxena, (2009), suggested that managerial effectiveness is the culmination of
synergy of effectiveness of individual managers in the organization, An
effective manager is like the good captain of a ship, efficient pilot of an
aero plane, who under all circumstances knows he is responsible for the welfare
of his vessel and is aware that a slight mistake on his part can sink the ship
or crash the plane. In other for an effective management some theories are
followed by different management example is the Frederick Taylor scientific
management theory.
Scientific
management theory by Fredrick Taylor was a technique which was developed in
order to enhance the efficiency of a work process. The theory was centered on systematic
study of people, behavior and tasks. The chore of Taylor’s theory was that they
followed the technique of breaking the work process into sub-tasks or least
possible units with an intention to regulate the most efficient method for
accomplishing a particular task. Also mentioned as classical management theory,
scientific management theory made its entry in the early 1900’s in order to
enhance worker productivity. Though the scientific theory of management
provided tools for workers to enhance their output and efficiency, employees
did only menial work and hence the theory criticism of the classical theory of
management faced critics for developing an assembly-line atmosphere. With this
as a reason, the theory was fallen out of favor by various companies but is
still considered as a valuable tool in many companies for its principles. A good
example where techniques of classical and scientific management theory can be
applied is in factories where repetitive tasks are achieved. The importance of
scientific management theory and principles are,
·
Employees
must be elected based on their skills and abilities related to job.
·
Incentives
and wages provided to employees should be based on encouraging them and
enhancing their output.
·
The
leadership within the organization should be one that develops a standard
method for doing certain job with the assistance of scientific management
theory.
·
There
should be attention on eradicating interruptions while planning work.
·
Rule
of thumb work methods are replaced with other methods which are based on
scientific study of tasks.
It
is axiomatic to posit that Civil Service occupies a prominent position in any
nation. It is designed as an “agent of fruitful change and development”
(Arowolo, 2012:5). The Civil Service is an influential public institution,
which is responsible for the delivery of essential services to the people
(Kauzya, 2011:18). Effective and efficient Civil Service delivery therefore
remains paramount role to any government of the day and various institutions
all over the world. It is envisaged that Civil Service delivery in the context
of efficiency, effectiveness, economy, completeness, inclusiveness and
accountability will pave way to good governance which eventually culminates in
participatory and consensus-oriented, transparency, responsiveness, equitable
and inclusiveness towards the management of people and their resources at all
levels (World Bank, 1993) For decades, the enhancement of government
performance has been the focus of public administration (McBride, 2008).
Cognizant of this fact, over the last decade, many countries are introducing
primary changes in the structure and operations of their civil services
(Chukwuemeka & Innocent, 2011). This is because making civil service more available
to users and improving the quality and efficiency are significant challenges
for the modernization of the public sector (Mitchell, 2000). To be effective
and efficient in the 21st century, public sector organizations need to adopt a
sound and innovative performance management tool (Budiarso, 2014). In this
regard, public administration scholars have suggested the use of different theories
like the scientific management theories to assist in improving services and
making more effective use of resources and improving the productivity or job
performance of the civil servants (Bolívar, Hernández & Rodríguez, 2010).
Organizations
are established in both private and public sectors for some basic objectives,
for which reason such organizations were established. The basis for assessment
of such organization’s success is on the achievement of the objectives. It is
of note that the important role of the government is carried out by the Civil
Service. Onah (2001: 8), emphasized the need for workers to be highly motivated
in order to perform well. This assertion was made vivid when he was discussing
the strategies for mass mobilization. He continued that mass mobilization will
be a herculean task in a situation of abject poverty. As Margret (1976: 55)
pointed out, whether or not workers live up to expectations of their employers
depends on management success in motivating them adequately at work. Adedeji
(2001: 6) opined that Nigerian Civil Servants are the most demoralized in West
Africa. He stated that a demoralized worker cannot perform optimally because he
is faced with emotional and psychological trauma which affects his performance
and unless and until he is induced, the organization he represents will
continue to record minimal success. Onah (2008:4), had observed that the
efficiency with which an organization can perform will depend to a large
extent, on how its human resources can be managed and utilized. Every manager
must, therefore, be able to work effectively with people and also be able to
solve the various problems the management of people may entail. He noted that
most organizations are becoming more complex in nature and, therefore, leaders
in these organizations are expected to have greater technical competence and a
better understanding of human behavior.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The
responsibility of Civil Service is to deliver services that the private sector
may not deliver at all, or to deliver services to those who cannot afford the
market price of the service. Governments recognize the importance of delivering
services that may not be commercially viable, but that citizen’s desire and
demand (Olowu, 2002). For decades, the Nigerian Civil Service has mainly served
the interests of bureaucrats and those engaged in the accumulation of public
resources for private gain. The Nigerian Government has always been concerned
with the performance of the public sector. The Nigerian Civil Service has been
characterized by poor performance and inability to translate government
policies and programs to reality (Arowolo, 2012). The perennial problem with
Civil Service is the difficulty in measuring efficiency and improving
productivity. Since most of the outputs have no independently measurable value,
tracking changes in the cost per unit value of output is complex. As a result,
the performance of Civil Service has been a major concern to policy makers and
researchers as well (Mohammed & Sirajo, 2015). This is because despite all
measures put in place to arrest the performance failure in Nigeria, the service,
it seems, has defied all approaches towards tackling the problem of
inefficiency and capacity collapse (Olaopa, (2010).
1.3 OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
The
main objective of this study is to find out the effect of management on civil
service in Ebonyi state, specifically the study I intends to:
1. Find
out if the management of civil service in Ebonyi state apply the scientific
management theory
2. Find
out the effect of scientific management theory on civil servant productivity in
Ebonyi state
3. Find
out the impact the management on the performance of Ebonyi state civil servants
4. To
find out the challenges of managing civil servants in Ebonyi
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTION
The
following questions were formulated to guide the study
1. Do
the management of civil service in Ebonyi state apply the scientific management
theory
2. What
is the effect of scientific management theory on civil servant productivity in
Ebonyi state
3. What
is the impact the managements on the performance of Ebonyi state civil servants
4. What
are the challenges of managing civil servants in Ebonyi
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This
study will be of great benefit to the workers in the public service as the
study will unveil some of the disciplinary methods and procedures and their
effects on workers. Therefore, workers will be opportune to have insight and
take necessary correction for improve performance in the public service.
Private sector organizations would benefit from this study because the findings
and subsequent recommendations by the researcher will make them learn more
about control and discipline and its impact on workers performance and this
will enable them know how to apply them in their sector. This study would be
significant to the researcher as it would serve as an achievement in the
academic circles. Finally, this study saves as another contribution to the
academic development to the concept control and discipline, and for this
reasons will be of immense benefit to students. They will find this study very
useful since the information they will gather, would assist them especially
those who may wish to carry out further research on the subject matter in
future.
1.6 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
This
research work cover the civil service in Ebonyi state, civil servant in
Abakaliki LGA will be sampled in this research. This research will critically
look into the effect of management effectiveness and the administration of
civil servants in Ebonyi state.
1.7 DELIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
However,
in the course of carrying out this research work, the researcher can foresee
some limitations which include; insufficient financing, insufficient data for
the research work and the time required for the project to be concluded.
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Management: Management
is the arrangement of available human and material resources for the
achievement of desired goals and objectives
Scientific management theory: Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labour productivity
Civil Service: the permanent professional branches of a state’s
administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected
politicians.