Tayeb EL OKBI’s biography, fact, career, awards, net worth and life story

Was Orator
Preacher
Journalist
From Algeria
Type Journalism
Religion
Gender male
Birth

15 January 1889, Biskra, Algeria

Death

May 1960
(aged 71 years)

Star sign Capricorn
Family
Children: Djamel El Okbi

Tayeb el-Oqbi ou Tayeb El-Okbi (arabe : الطيب العقبي), né en 1889 à Biskra et mort en mai 1960, est un ouléma algérien, membre de l’Association des oulémas musulmans algériens.

Biographie

Né en 1889 à Biskra, il émigre à l’âge de cinq ans avec sa famille au Hedjaz en Arabie saoudite. Il passe alors de la ville de Médine à La Mecque. Il y grandit et fit des études très poussées en théologie. Devenu grand lettré, il se lança dans la prédication et le journalisme.

Dès le début de ses activités professionnelles, il est conseiller du souverain, le chérif Hussein qui lui confia la direction du journal Al Qibla, un journal réformiste, et de l’imprimerie officielle.
Il se fit surtout connaître par ses articles réformistes, panislamiques et panarabes et par un très grand talent oratoire. Suspect aux yeux de l’autorité turque, il sera placé en résidence surveillée en Turquie. Il est libéré grâce à l’intervention de l’émir Chekib Arslan, alors proche des Turcs.

Il fait son retour en Algérie en 1920, il commença immédiatement à propager la doctrine réformiste islamique : Apprentissage du Coran et de la Sunnah, combat contre l’analphabétisme, lutte contre les innovations (bidã) contre le maraboutisme le soufisme etc. Il fut très vite considéré comme élément à surveiller par l’autorité coloniale française. Il se mit en contact avec d’autres lettrés notamment Ben Badis et collabora au journal Al Mountaquid, al Chihab et créa son propre journal Al Islah qui eut du mal à paraître du fait des embuches créées par les autorités françaises.

Il s’installa à Alger en 1929 et lança les activités du fameux Cercle du Progrès [Nadi al-Taraqqi] qui devint très rapidement le centre de rassemblement de nombreuses associations réformistes.

Il fonda en 1935, au Cercle du progrès, l’Union des croyants monothéistes et devint un ami du grand orientaliste français Louis Massignon.
En 1933 les autorités préfectorales lui interdirent de prêcher dans les mosquées (circulaire Michel) et en août 1936 l’incarcèrent à la suite de l’assassinat du mufti Bendali.

Remis en liberté provisoire, son procès n’eut lieu qu’en juin 1939.
Albert Camus le défendit dans les colonnes du journal « Alger républicain ». Il fut acquitté, avec la palme du Martyr et l’administration française déconsidérée.
Après 1940, il continua ses activités au Cercle du progrès, (prédication réformiste, défense de la langue arabe, indépendance du culte musulman, droits des musulmans algériens etc.).
Sur le plan politique il était considéré comme modéré en comparaison des positions affichées par Messali Hadj, leader du mouvement indépendantiste, Parti du peuple algérien. El Okbi était partisan d’une indépendance octroyée progressivement et un des rares oulémas partisans du bilinguisme.
Tayeb el-Oqbi prit, à l’instar de son prédécesseur Abdelhamid Ben Badis, position contre l’antisémitisme. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il prit position contre les mesures du gouvernement de Vichy à l’égard des Juifs. En Algérie française, alors que les juifs algériens étaient également victimes d’antisémitisme de la part de certains pieds-noirs et musulmans algériens, il lança une fatwa contre l’antisémitisme.

Le déclenchement de la lutte armée en novembre 1954 par de jeunes révolutionnaires, tous issus du MTLD (Parti dirigé par Messalli Hadj) surprit tous les mouvements et personnalités réformistes. El-Okbi, vieilli, malade et grabataire fit au cours de la lutte armée une seule apparition publique en janvier 1956 au Cercle du progrès sur insistance d’Albert Camus (conférence sur une trêve civile en Algérie). Il décéda en mai 1960. Une foule nombreuse l’accompagna à sa dernière demeure.

Articles connexes

  • Abdelhamid Ben Badis, Mebarek el Mili, Larbi Tébessi et Mohamed Bachir El Ibrahimi
  • Association des oulémas musulmans algériens
  • Sauvetage de Juifs par des musulmans pendant la Shoah
  • Portail de l’islam
  • Portail de l’Algérie
  • Portail de l’Arabie saoudite
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