CHAPTER ONE
1.1
ORIGIN, HISTORY OF CULTIVATION OF BANANA (Musa
nagensium).
Edible Musa spp. Originated in south eastern Asia from
the India east and south to
northern Australia.
Early Filipinos probably spread banana east word to
the pacific Island, includes ,
prior to recorded history. Westward, banana like followed the major trade
routes that transported other fruits and it’s known to have arrived east around 500 AD. Banana were met carried to
Europe until the 10th century, and Portugal’s
traders obtained it from wets Africa not ,
during the age of discovery. Plants were taken from West Africa to the Canary
Islands and South America in 10th century, and spread throughout the
with settlements of the area in the
16th – 17th centuries. Bananas are now grown
patriotically more countries than any other fruits crop in the world.
1.2
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF BANAMA (Musa nagensium)
Musa is the type of genus of the banana family
(Musaccae), which contains 25 – 80 specie of banana and plantain. Both are
important throughout the world for food, shelter, medicine
and even clothing. In production, banana is the second largest fruit
crop in the world, grown in warm tropical climate across the globe. Banana and
plantain are often said to grow on trees, but actually it’s a pseudo stern
(false stem). The fruit also develops without pollination, which means that
banana and plantains are “Virgin” Fruits, and are technically berries.
Their evident importance bananas and plantains
necessary world wide. Their leaves are used for plates, home made umbrella and
thatching (roofing); the pseudostems are made into rafts and benches. The
fibers obtains from the pseudostem are used for fishing line in west Africa and
fibric in the Philippines.
In ,
some banana fiber is even made into paper. Ash of dried peels from both bananas
and plantain is used for dyeing and making of soap.
Various parts of the banana plant are medicinal,
and used to treat anything from dysentery to burns and insect bites. These
plants also contain natural antibiotics and fungicides and are used as animal
food and fertilizer.
1.3
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF BANANA (Musa nagensium)
Besides its YUM factor, banana is a power house of
nutrients. All its nutritional value and heat benefits are preserved in a
natural way by its peel.
Banana is easily digestible and has many health
benefits to other. Below is some of it nutritive benefits.
POTASSIUM
A single medium sized banana contains
approximately 467mg of potassium and only a negligible 1mg of sodium. Potassium
is important for regulating blood pressure and decreasing the risk of high
blood pressure and it’s related conditions.
CALCIUM
Rich in calcium, 100g banana capable of supplying the
body with 5mg of calcium. Calcium is essential for the information, as well as
upkeep of strong bone and teeth, and for the smooth functions neurotransmitter
release and muscle contraction.
CARBOHYDRATES
Banana are very high on energy, and are usually
eaten. Other minerals are: Iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper,
manganese, selenium and fluoride are all found in the banana. Each of these
minerals help different body functions and boom the immune system.
HEALTH
BENEFITS
Health benefits of banana are many: The help in
controlling diarrhea and sooth an upset stomach. Their antacid effects protect
the stomach against stomach ulcers and it’s related damages. According to a
study published in the Archive of ophthalmology, eating a serving of banana
daily may low risks of macular degeneration (ARMD). Being a rich source of the
compound prebiotic, bananas help the body to produce vitamins and digestive
enzymes, the absorb nutrients and Right against unfriendly micro organisms. The
high magnesium content is used as quick-fix source of alleviation fatigue. Fiberin it helps to lower the cholesterol
level in the body. A good level of vitamin Bb helps with brain functions.
DIETRY VALUE
PER 100 GRAM OF BANANA (Musa nagensium)
Water % 15, Fat
% 0.2
Calories % 88, Carbohydrate
% 23
Protein % 1.2, Crude fiber % 2.6
1.4
PRODUCTS FROM BANANA (Musa nagensium)
Through the processing of bananas it is possible
to obtain dried bananas also called banana “chips” banana pure as the basis for
baby food or for during products, banana floor and powder, banana juice or even
alcohol.
Apart from being a very important food product,
banana product and by-products have other many different uses and applications.
–
Animal feeding
–
Carpets
–
Banana paper
–
Banana alcohol
–
Banana puree
–
Banana clips
–
Banana flour
BANANA
BY-PRODUCTS
Banana fiber: This is used for handicraft and Art in baskets,
carpets and so on. The fiber is also used for the manufacturing of banana puree.
Animal feed: Banana which to not arrive to fulfill quality
requirements for export and banana may be used for animal feeding.
Banana leaves:
They are used for wrapping food
when cooking in many countries.
1.5
INDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
Due to the seasonal and perishable nature of
fruits they must be consumed within a short period of time or preserved for
consumption over a longer period of time. To achieve this, it is important to
kind the best way to process and preserve them so as to avoid wastage of the
fruits during their peak period. Apart from this, a large proportion of these
raw materials is wastage during canning, this poses economic problem to the
country and cause several dispose and sanitary problems to the environment.
Therefore, alternative methods of processing which will minimize wastage during
caning and storage is necessary.
Moreso, the bulk of diet is often different
uncertain nutrients with the main meal usually very heavy learning little space
for fruits which are eaten at separate time.
Balance diet need fruits to supply essentially
nutrients. On the other hand, during the fruiting seasons as many are treated
as waste. Therefore there is need to adopt processing or preservation procedure
to make the fruits available through the year and in more convenient form and
at the same time ensure a healthy and clean environment. This can be achieved
by processing most fruits for jam making. Conservation of these fruits to jams
and fellies would reduce the wastage and increase the country’s economy, since
large ambitics of jam and fellics consumed in the country are imported.
Anzionwa J.N (1978).
1.6
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1)
Ascertaining
the possibility of producing a good set jam without the combination of other
fruits apart from banana (Musa nagensium).
2)
Producing a good
set without adding colourant or flavor