TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
1.2 Statement of Problems
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Research Question
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of study
1.8 Limitation of study
1.9 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population of study
3.3 Sampling Design and Procedure
3.4 Data Collection Instrument
3.5 Administration of Data Collection Instrument
3.6 Methods of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis
4.1 Data Presentation
4.2 Test of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The sense of wonder is the mark of the philosophers. Thus, according to Aristotle, “all men by nature desire to know”1. On the same note, philosophically and otherwise, man has to give meaning to the mysteries befogging his finite nature. Therefore it is not out of place that we are dragged into the concepts and facts of change and permanence.
To the philosophers then, this omnipresent fact of change and permanence offered a paradoxical challenge stretching from the ancient Greek philosophy, through the medieval and modern, down the contemporary period. Succinctly put, the problem of change and permanence is as old as philosophy itself hence according to Popkin, R.H:
Greek thinkers were impressed with the two basic features of the world, the occurrence of natural change and the continuance of certain apparently permanent conditions.2
The earliest Greek thinkers attempted to work out explanations of reality by asserting that underlying all the apparent changes; there is real, unchangeable element. The motive behind this inquiry as highlighted by Mullin E. was that,
…If the many could be seen in some way as instances of one, it would then be sufficient to grasp the one.3
Thus reality is one thing, which however, appears in different guises at different times.
Against this background, some thinkers proceeded by way of action and reaction and delved into formulating theories in view of the enigma of change and permanence. The problem they grappled with was prompted by fact of material change, and the principle they posited were arrived at through observation and thought. “For Thales, reality was water, for Anaximander, it was the ‘boundless’ or the infinite; and for Anaximanes, it was air.”4 In the history of Greek thought these earliest thinkers were called the pre-Socratics. Referring to them, Copleston observed that,