TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of Research Problem
1.2 Justification
1.3 Aims and Objectives
1.3.1 General Aim
1.3.2 Specific Objectives
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Mosquito
2.1.3 Life Cycle of Aedes
2.1.4 Mosquito Morphology and Feeding Habits
2.1.5 Mosquito Born Diseases
2.1.6 Mosquito Control Methods
2.1.7 Active Ingredients in Plants Responsible for Larval Toxicity
2.1.8 Mechanism and mode of action of insecticide/larvicide
2.1.9 Toxicity Response Determinant and Variation of plant derived larvicides
2.1.10 Scope for isolation of toxic larvicidal active ingredients from plants
2.2 Chromolaena odorata
2.2.1 Classification of C. odorata
2.2.2 Origin and Distribution
2.2.3 Traditional Uses of C. odorata
2.2.4 Phytochemical Composition of C. odorata
2.2.5 Medicinal Values of C. odorata
2.2.6 Antibacterial effect of C. odorata
2.2.7 Toxicity of C. odorata
2.3 Persea americana
2.3.1 Classification of Persea americana
2.3.2 Biological activities of Persea americana constituents
2.3.3 Phytochemical composition of avocado seed
2.3.4 Tradomedicinal Uses of Avocado Seed
2.3.5 Larvicidal and antimicrobial activities
2.3.6 Toxicity of avocado seed
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Chemicals
3.1.2 Plants Collection and identification
3.2 Methods
3.2.1 Preparation of extracts
3.2.2 Mosquito Larvae culture
3.3 Phytochemical Analysis
3.3.1 Test for Saponins
3.3.2 Test for tannins
3.3.3 Test for flavonoids
3.4.4 Test for sterols
3.4.5 Test for Terpenoids
3.4.6 Test for Anthracenes
3.4.7 Test for cardiac glycosides
3.4.8 Test for alkaloids
3.4 Preparation of Stock Solutions
3.4.1 Preparation of Test Concentrations For Bioassay
3.5 Larvicidal Bioassay
3.5.1 Determination of Lethal Concentrations
3.6 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
3.6.1 Column Chromatography
3.7 Characterization of Larvicidal Compounds In The Bioactive Fraction
3.7.1 Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy(FTIR)
3.7.2 Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS)
3.8 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
4.1 Phytochemical Constituents of Extracts of Persea americana Seed and Chromolaena odorata Leaf
4.2 Larvicidal activity of different solvent extracts of Persea americana seed against Aaedes vittatus mosquito
4.3 Larvicidal Activity of Different Solvents Extract of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Against Aedes vittatus Mosquito
4.4 Larvicidal activity of chromatographic fractions of n-hexane extracts of Persea americana seed against Aedes vittatus
4.5 Larvicidal activity of chromatographic fractions of n-hexane extracts of Chromolaena odorata leaf against Aedes vittatus mosquito
4.6 GC/MS Characterisation of Most Potent Chromatographic Fraction (nHPa6) of P. americana
4.7 GC/MS characterisation of Most Potent Chromatographic Fraction (nHCo6) of C. odorata
4.8 Functional group Identification of nHPa6
4.9 Functional groups Identification of nHCo6 fraction
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Summary
6.2 Conclusions
6.3 Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES