CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.8 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 CONCEPT OF HIV AIDS
2.2 ATTITUDE AND KNOWLEDGE OF HIV/AIDS ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE AMONG STUDENTS
2.3 AWARENESS LEVEL OF HIV/AIDS AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
2.4 ADOLESCENT AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
2.4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
3.2 AREA OF STUDY
3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
3.4 RESEARCH SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
3.5 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION
3.6 VALIDITY OF THE INSTRUMENT
3.7 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
3.8 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
REFRENCE
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) was first recognized among homosexual men in the USA in 1981 and subsequently in Europe and sub Saharan Africa and since then there has been an explosion in HIV transmission (1). There is a growing need for giving special attention to young people in the AIDS epidemic field worldwide (2). According to UNICEF reports there are 11.8 million young people between 15-24 years living with HIV/AIDS (2). Education about how AIDS is transmitted and prevented is the primary weapon against AIDS, because there is no treatment or vaccine to prevent its spread and drug therapy is very expensive. However prevention strategies must be culturally specific. In 1994 UNESCO organized the Asian Regional planning seminar on AIDS and Education and recommended that by the end of 1994 every country in the region should develop a clear written policy on AIDS education, which would form basis of a national action plan for AIDS education within the school system (3).
The HIV/AIDS prevalence in Nigeria is high despite the efforts made by the authorities to curb its spread. Nigeria has an estimated number of 3,228,600 people living with HIV/AIDS which is the second-largest number of infected persons by country estimates behind South Africa globally (CIA World Factbook, 2014; NACA, 2015). The CIA Factbook (2014) also asserts that the adult (aged 15-49) prevalent rate is about 3.17%. UNAIDS and WHO (1998) report that the estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria as at 1997 was 2,300,000. According to the report, the adults (people aged 15-49) were 2,200,000, those that died in 1997 were 150,000, while the reported cases of AIDS from 1986 to 1997 were 590,000. Although the exact figure of the adolescents that had the virus was not indicated, the report of the Facebook and the UN AIDS/WHO report imply that a reasonable number of them are infected. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a viral disease caused by human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which is mainly found in body fluids such as vagina fluid, blood, semen, and breast milk of those who are infected. According to Hubley (2002), AIDS which is caused by HIV, was first reported in 1981 by doctors in Los Angeles who were baffled by a strange disease. Hubley (2002) further states that researchers found that the patients (young men) with the disease were all homosexuals and that many of them were equally suffering from sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhoea and syphilis. It was reasoned that this new disease was a sexually transmitted disease. These diseases (HIV/AIDS) were also found in hemophiliacs and persons injecting drugs such as heroin. Many of the injecting drug users did not sterilize their needles and shared them with other addicts.
Dehne and Riedner (2001) observe that of all the groups affected by HIV/AIDS, the adolescents are the most vulnerable to the pandemic. In 1997 the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that over 30 million people globally were living with HIV infection with 1.1 million of this number being children under the age of 15 years. WHO established that about 10 million children throughout the world would be infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by the year 2000. Adolescents constitute about 30% of the entire population of a country; they are very important in the society and are any country’s most valuable assets. During the period of their growing up into adult, a lot of changes occur in their lives which make them vulnerable such that they can engage in risky sexual behaviors which can lead to contracting the HIV/AIDS Virus, if not properly guided. To effectively reduce the rate of infection among the youth and adolescents, it is necessary to involve them in the campaign for a change in human sexual behaviour (FMNH, 2003). Although WHO (2011) reports that the new infection rate is declining and that some of the infected people have improved due to the retroviral drugs, the pandemic is still a cause for concern particularly for the adolescents. According to Urmil et al. (1989), adolescents represent a significant number of students who are in the schools, who can also be used for dissemination of HIV/AIDS information. A clear delineation of the term adolescent is necessary in order to put this study into its proper perspective. The word adolescent is usually associated with teenage years or the young people. It is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (Wikipedia). However, World Health Organisation defines adolescents as young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years, who are often thought of as a healthy group (WHO, 2017). Although this definition of adolescent rightly captures the age bracket prior to adulthood, it conflicts with the classification of people aged 15 and 49 years as adults by both CIA World Factbook (2014), UNAIDS and WHO (1998) and UNAIDS (2015) in their different HIV/AIDS reports. The implication of this divergent definition of adolescent is that the HIV/AIDS reports divide this group into two. While part of the adolescents are considered adults i.e. from ages 15-19, the other delineates part of them as children (from ages 10 – 14). No matter how the adolescents are grouped, the fact is that they are vulnerable to the HIV/AIDS pandemic and can die due to the illnesses and other related complications resulting from the virus when they contact it, hence the need for their awareness of the virus for a risk free health behavior, this research however is aimed at investigating how knowledgeable secondary school students on the issue of HIV and their attitude on related cases.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
In addition to the suffering and mortality of those afflicted with the disease concerns include the consequences of adult AIDS related deaths for young children who become orphans and for grandparents and other kin who bear the burdens of caring for both the dying and their dependents. The innate for survival make young people tend to involve into a lot of income generating activities including casual sex to meet up with this forced of responsibility on them. Reports have shown that AIDS is a behavioral disease and its prevalence in the Nigerian youths is associated with risk-taking behavior such as indiscriminate and unprotected sexual intercourse. Also it is observed that people tends to run away or start giving attitude to the those that are HIV positive.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study is to investigate knowledge and attitude of secondary school students on HIV related issues, specifically the study intends to;
1. Find out the level of knowledge possess by secondary school students on HIV
2. Investigate the attitude of secondary school students on HIV related issue
3. Find out the impact of educating students on HIV/AIDS
1.4 Research Question
1. What is the level of knowledge possess by secondary school students on HIV
2. What are the attitude of secondary school students on HIV related issue
3. What is the impact of educating students on HIV/AIDS
1.6 Significance of the Study
This research work will be of great importance to secondary school students and the society at large on the importance of educating students on HIV/AIDS and also creating awareness on how to protect themselves from the virus. Also this research will serve as a reference points for other research.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This research work will examine the concept of HIV and the attitude of students on HIV related issues in the society, also this research will examine the need for educating students on HIV and the impact of creating awareness among students.
1.8 Delimitation of the Study
Finance for the general research work will be a challenge during the course of study. Correspondents also might not be able to complete or willing to submit the questionnaires given to them.
However, it is believed that these constraints will be worked on by making the best use of the available materials and spending more than the necessary time in the research work. Therefore, it is strongly believed that despite these constraint, its effect on this research report will be minimal, thus, making the objective and significance of the study achievable.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Knowledge: facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.
Attitude: a settled way of thinking or feeling about something.
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus which causes AIDS
AIDs: a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body’s cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy.