CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Transportation
is the movement of people and goods from one part or place to another. So road
transportation is one of the most efficient means of transportation all over
the world.
The
efficiency and convenience of transportation of goods and passengers are
determined by function of road pavement our daily activities required the
movement from one location to another either by one mode of transportation or
by combining at different modes of transportation.
According
to Oguara (2010) roads represent the major areas at investment in
transportation and are the most dominant travel mode accounting for over 90% of
passengers and goods transport in Nigeria road one of the main problems of road
work in Nigeria is the lack of adequate information data on the state of
Nigerian roads Ette (2010) states that there was a road not work study that
commissioned in 1998/1999. This study cover all inter-urban road which had a
traffic of move than 30 vehicle day and a total length of around 53. 00km
So
the way of placing the pavement on the road networks also contribute to the
social economic growth and to the development of the communities. Pavements
take an important part in over all towns and countries planning.
Highway engineers have always been
trying their best to design construct and maintain high way in Nigeria and
beyond but upon all their best and technical know how, the roads are still
failing and accommodation series of defect as the days goes by it’s high time
to see into the causes and effects these road failures and their result on the
uses also the life span at the road so as to fulfill its intending purpose.
Highway
maintenance purposely keep pavement in a satisfactory condition so as not to
obstruct the traffic flow on the road maintenance of asphalt pavement is
referred to as a set of organized activities that carried out in order to keep
pavement in its best operational condition with minimum cost required.
Roads is
constructed without any scientific basis will require elaborate maintenance but
if they are constructed adopting all the scientific fundamentals even then they
require maintenance but to the lesser degree.
This project is
to focus on investigation of pavement failure and their remedial measure on
Ganmo- Afon road and possible solution would be provided to correct those
failure it will also explain what highway pavement will be included. Ganmo Road designation are classified into four
groups which are:
(1)
Express
Road: These are international roads linking other
neighboring countries and inter-states linking man political and commercial
centre will high volume capacity for example Lagos to Ibadan express way.
(2)
Truck
Road: These are roads in the purposely for
heavy traffic charring route between political and economic cities example are
Ogbomosho to Ilorin road.
(3)
Principal
road: These are major roads in the state link
important political and industrial together for example Maraba to Kwara State
Polytechnic Road.
(4)
Non
Principal Road: These are collection road in both
urban and rural areas which link important town in local Government area
together. Therefore road as a matter of fact must be given an adequate
attention to both its design and construction stage in order to accord its
engineering purposes.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
One of the main
problems of road work in Nigeria is the lack of adequate information data on
the Nigeria roads e.g Natural conditions, traffic conditions, and construction
materials are the main causes of soft spots on the earth road edge damage of
bituminous pavement, culvert slide down slide ditch erosion, side drain
deposition e.t.c.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE
Investigation into the causes and
Remedial measures of pavement failure Ganmo-Afon Road, Kwara State.
1.4 OBJECTIVES
1. To
take inventory of pavement failure of Ganmo-Afon Road
2. To
investigate into causes of pavement failure at Ganmo-Afon Road.
3. To
provide or recommend possible remedies to the problem identified.
4. To
carried out laboratory tests on soils collected from failed portions of the
road.
1.5 JUSTIFICATION
Major paved
roadways have lost their asphaltic surface and are in very poor condition to
the extent that they are reverted to gravel roads. Some of the road system is
not useable especially in high rainfall duration.
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
The scope of
this project comprises of causes types and possible solution to pavement
failure at Ganmo-Afon.
It also include
some laboratory tests and also to know the C.B.R values of the sample abstained
from the case study.
1.7 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA (CASE STUDY)
This project was
carried out at Ganmo-Afon roads, are roads that are from Ganmo Junction
straight road that link other town of the road it’s a single carriage highway
of about 3.5 wide. It made asphaltic flexible pavement.
1.8 METHODOLOGY
This can be
described as the techniques considered to be used in carrying out this project;
this project consists of various methods which could be used to carryout the
studies required, so as to achieve the aims and objective of this project. The
necessary methods are stated below:
(1)
Aerial
picture on the road:- It involves walking
round the whole road to identify and examine the failures and the photography
will be taken.
(2)
Soil
test:- The soil will be randomly sampled from
the point of the failure along the road for the laboratory test to determine
optimum moisture contents and maximum dry density (Compaction Test) and C.B.R
test.
(3)
Reconnaissance
survey:- This will be done by taking a general
over view of problem associated to the pavement failure from Ganmo-Afon Road in
other to make necessary amendment.