ABSTRACT
The entire universe is now living in the
computer age; most of our day to day jobs are being influenced by the use of
computers. It is used increasingly in each and every field of our life. In the
areas of science and technology improvements cannot be without the use of
computers. Hence it has become necessary to have basic knowledge about
computers.
This project focuses on installation of
computer systems and resuscitation of computer laboratory in the Department of
Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Institute of Technology, Kwara State
Polytechnic, Ilorin.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0.
Introduction to Computer 1
1.1.
Computer System 1
1.2.
A Brief History of Computer
System 2
1.3.
Characteristic of a computer 3
1.4.
Limitation of computer 4
1.5.
Aims and Objectives of the
Project 5
1.6.
Methodology 5
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0.
The Computer System 6
2.1.
The Central Processing Unit 7
2.2.
Functions of Control Unit 8
2.3.
Peripherals 8
2.4.
How to Build a Desktop
Computer 9
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0.
Installation of Operating
System (Window XP) 15
3.1.
Defining Drive Partitions 18
3.2.
Formatting Drive Partitions 19
3.3.
Customizing Your System 21
3.4.
Customizing Network Setting 24
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0.
Computer Assembly,
Maintenance and Troubleshooting 27
4.1.
Computer System Assembly
(Desktop) 27
4.2.
Procedural Assembly of
Computer System 28
4.3.
Computer Maintenance 28
4.3.1.
Hardware Maintenance 28
4.3.2.
Software Maintenance 29
4.3.3.
Malware 29
4.3.4.
Anti-Virus 30
4.3.5.
Tips for Installation of
Anti-Virus 30
4.4.
Computer Troubleshooting 30
4.5.
Method of Troubleshooting 30
4.6.
How to Troubleshooting 31
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0.
Conclusion 32
5.1.
Recommendation 32
5.2.
References 34
CHAPTER ONE
1.0.
INTRODUCTION
TO COMPUTER
1.1. COMPUTER SYSTEM
Computer is an electronic
device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a particular form
and of performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined
but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in
the form of information or signals [1].
A computer accepts and then processes input data according to the
instruction it is given. The main components of a computer system are Input,
Output, Processing and Storage units as shown in Figure 1.1.
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1.2
A BRIEF
HISTORY OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
The computer had its
beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor named Charles
Babbage.He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic
framework of the computers of today is based on. Computers can be classified
into three generations. Each generation lasted for a certain period oftime,and
each gave us either a new and improved computer or an improvement to the
existing computer. The computer generations are:
1. FIRST GENERATION (1937 – 1946)
In
1937 the first electronic digital computer was built
by Dr. John V. Atanasoff and
Clifford Berry [2]. It was called
the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer name the
Colossus was built for the military. Other developments continued until in 1946
the first general– purpose digital computer, the Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was built. It is said that this computer
weighed 30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which was used for processing.
When this computer was turned on for the first time lights dim in sections of
Philadelphia. Computers of this generation could only perform single task, and
they had no operating system.
2. SECOND GENERATION: 1947 –
1962
This
generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes which were
more reliable. In 1951 the first computer for commercial use was introduced to
the public; the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1) [3]. In 1953 the International Business Machine (IBM) 650 and 700
series computers made their mark in the computer world. During this generation
of computers over 100 computer programming languages were developed, computers
had memory and operating systems. Storage media such as tape and disk were in
use also were printers for output.
3. THIRD GENERATION: 1963 –
PRESENT
The invention of integrated circuit brought us
the third generation of computers [4]
With these invention computers became smaller, more powerful more reliable and
they are able to run many different programs at the same time. In1980 Microsoft
Disk Operating System (MS-Dos) was born and in 1981 IBM introduced the personal
computer (PC) for home and office use. Three years later Apple gave us the
Macintosh computer with its icon driven interface and the 90s gave us Windows
operating system.
1.3
CHARACTERISTICS
OF COMPUTER
1. SPEED:
Computer is very fast calculating
device. It can execute basic operations like subtraction, addition,
multiplication and division at a few microseconds. It can move and copy data at
a speed in the order of billion instructions per second.
2. ACCURACY:
Computer always gives accurate results.
The accuracy of Computer does not go down when they are used continuously for
hours together. It always gives accurate results.
3. STORAGE CAPACITY:
Computer has a very large storage
capacity. A large volume of information can be stored in the memory of computer
and information can be retrieved correctly when desired.
4. VERSATILITY:
The working of computer with different
types of data is known as versatility. That means computer can perform
different types of job efficiently. Computer can work with different type of
data and information such as visuals, text, graphics & video etc. So,
versatility is a most important characteristic of computer.
5. DILLIGENCE:
A Computer can work for long hours with
the same accuracy and speed because it is free from problems of boredom or lack
of concentration.
6. NO THOUGHTS:
Computers have no thoughts because they
are machine and they are devoid of emotions. They have no feelings. Since,
computers have no thoughts and feelings so they can’t make judgment based on
thoughts and feelings.
1.4
LIMITATIONS
OF A COMPUTER
Computer is very intelligent machine but it also suffers from
many limitations such as:
·
Computer cannot do anything
unless they are just programmed to perform a specific task.
·
Computers cannot interpret
the data they generate.
·
Computers cannot detect if
the operator feeds any wrong data to it.
·
Computers cannot decide how
they are to be programmed or provide their own input.
·
Computers cannot implement
the decision that they suggest.
1.5
AIM AND
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The primary aim is installation of computer systems and
resuscitation of computer laboratory.
The specific objectives are:
·
To understand the basic
interaction between all the stages involved in computer installation
·
To be able to recognize all
components and drives including hardware and software
·
To have deep understanding on
how to troubleshoot a computer system when it develops technical faults
·
To know how to carried out
system configurations and software installation
·
Finally, to build up a
computer system for Electrical-Electronic computer laboratory.
1.6
METHODOLOGY
A computer installation can be assembled through various means but
in this project the computer installation was assembled by selecting all the
materials components needed for the assembling and software system installation.
All the hardware components selected for the project are bought including the
tools and software needed.
After the assembling of the
system unit then operating system was loaded on the computer system and the
operating system installed on the computer is Window XP because of it
functionality and easy compatibility with other application software, likewise,
on antivirus software was installed on each of the computer.