CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The construct parenting style has been largely influenced by Baumrind’s (1971) conceptualization by authoritarian, permissive and authoritative parenting style which encompassed various characteristics such as maturity communication style, nurturance, warmth and involvement. Authoritarian parenting style suggested that children are expected to be submissive to their parent’s demands; while parents were expected to be strict, directive and emotionally detached. Permissive parenting style like the name implies connotes less parental restrictions or limit on the child. The implication of this is that children are expected to regulate their own activities authoritative parenting style similar to authorities parenting entailed clear and firm direction to children.

However, the differences between the two similar parenting styles lies on moderating discipline with warmth, reason, and flexibility as ensued by authoritative parenting recent development in the field of parenting and family studies have led to the renewed interest in the relationship between children’s school achievement and parenting style.

These development have heightened the need for the study on children’s school achievement since the family is the first window of the child. Parenting style and its influence on children could greatly affect their under.

Accordingly, there are several research work done on parent. Child relationship and children’s school achievement. Parental responsibility start soon as the child was born. These responsibilities suggest that the socialization process of a child was bidirectional in nature. The implication was that parents convey socialization message to their children while children vary in their level of acceptance receptively and internalization of these messages socialization mean the acquisition of education experience, attitude and behaviours that are required for successful adaptation to the society and the family.                         

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This bring us closer to the topic of the researcher thus, influences of parenting styles on student academic achievement in Odeda Local Government Area in Ogun State.

The problems now been investigated why school alone cannot impact or influence student academic performance.   

1.3    PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Parenting is one of the complex tasks every parent hopes to successes in. For all social and educational development, the family and parenting style plays an important role. Moreover parenting forms the basis of a family environment because without parental education; it was not possible for parents to fulfill their roles and duties in the family and the society.

The study on the importance of parenting on children’s psychosocial development acknowledge that parenting was a very complex and challenging phenomenon which was very difficult to understand and define.

Parents need to educated themselves for their children to become good citizen in the future so parents required help to develop their parenting skills.  

1.4    RESEARCH QUESTIONS     

(1)          Parenting styles and student academic achievement.

(2)          Parental socio-economic and educational background and parenting styles.

(3)          Parenting, style, parental involvement and student academic performance.

(4)          Student perception on parent and their academic performance.  

1.5    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

          The scope of this is as follows:

(1)      To explain the different type of parenting styles.

(2)      To differentiate between on authoritative parenting style and authoritarian   parenting style.

(3)      To identify the importance of parents in student academic achievement.

(4)      To highlight possible challenges of a student of an educated parents.  

1.6    DEFINITION OF TERMS

Influence: The effect that somebody has or the way a person thinks or behaves or the way that something work or develop.

Parent: Parent from Latin is parens. Parent is a caretaker of the offspring in their own species. In human a parent is a child (where child refer to offspring, not necessarily age). Biological parents consist of the male who sired the child and the female who gave birth to societies; the biological mother and father are both responsible for raising their young. However, some parents may not be biological related to their children. An adoptive parents is one who nurtures and raises the offspring of the biological parents but is not actually biological related to the child. Children without adoptive parents can be raised by their grandparents or other family member.

Biological and non-biological parentage: Like mothers, fathers may be categorized according to their biological, social or legal relationship with the child. Historically the biological relationship paternity has been determinative of fatherhood. However, proof of paternity has been intrinsically problematic and social rules often determined who would be regarded as a father.

Mother: A mother is a woman who has conceived, given birth to or raised a child in the role of a parent because of the complexity and differences of a mother’s social, cultural and religious definition and roles it is challenging to define a mother to suit a universally accepted definition.

Father: A father is defined as a male parent of any type of offspring father mean to procreate or to sire a child from which also derive the gerund fathering.