CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Instructional facilities are available resources that are instructional to the attainment of academic excellence. Anemu (2009) instructional facilities are learning materials which are designed, prepared, produced and judiciously utilized mainly to facilitate learning.
They are designed to promote learners understanding.
Agbatogun (2000) was of opinion that teachers feel more comfortable when appropriate instruction facilities is used for teaching-learning process.
Adeboye (1999) and Opoda (2011) established that instructional facilities are essential materials that most be put in place and considered so that objectives of the school system can be accomplished.
They further sliced that the availability of this determines the quality of instruction and academic performance of student in the school. Instructional materials into two.
i. Physical resources
ii. Human resources.
Physical resources are material resources that are non human resources that are available in the school for both the teachers and students for that propose of facilitating learning.
Those are non human resources that could weal to enhance as aids to the teacher in the class room.
Ibitoye and Opoda (2013) physical resources are very essential in schools without physical resources there would not be anything like school.
Human resources are facilities that include staff both teaching and non teaching staff available in the learning. Human resources are said to be the most important in facilitating effectiveness in learning.
Agu (2009) also substantiated this assertion that with national policy on education (2004) teaching methods required the use of instructional facilities which essentially must be provided by the teacher for the student. She added that a child should be provided in abundance object to look at touch, examined and experiment upon. The object chosen should be those that will satisfy his/her wants, desires and gives pleasures. For it is only by these that the attention can be aroused.
Durosoro (1998) also highlighted that school plant includes both permanent and semi permanentstructionalsavailable on the school site, as well as machine teaching equipment and tools.
(Hingles, 1970) wrote instructional facilities is an integrated and systematic method of designing planning, implementing and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching in terms of specific objective, rescard information on learning and process of communication. To (Hoban, 1985) it is a complex integrated organization of ideas or procedures and management by men.
Opoda (2011) explained that all the prevequcsitic for effective management of any organization i.e on human resources. The success of any type of organization be it social political or religious depend to a large extent on the human beings that make on the organization because human resources stand as the coordinator, implement and the Hnktank.
The human beings in educational sector, bring together other resources to achieve institutional goals. So also in the school system the administration teaching and non teaching constitute the human resources part of the human resources are referred in this study as teaches whose job are to put other physical resources such as instructional facilities achieve.
Instructional facilities on academic, according to Faurant(1975) are materials used by a teacher and which enable students understand what the teacher are teaching or that enable student assimilate what is being put across to them. This makes learning easier to the students. While AECT (1972) association for educational communications technology (AECT) defined instructional materials as a field involved the facilitation of human learning through the systematic, identification development, organization and utilization of learning resources and through the management of these process.
Adeyanju (1997) the use of instructional facilities can help reduce the length of time required for the instruction learning more time for practice of skills.
OuraweOsagie (1991) explained that instructional facilities as a mere attempt for visual communication or ideas and message which helps in better teaching and learning.
Frarunt (1964) defined instructional facilities as anything that a teacher does to make his/her teaching effective that can help the student to learn more in teaching.
Saliu (2007) explained instructional facilities is a materials that are used to provide the learner with varied materials to engage in various learning activities which will help to prevent boredom that would result from listening to the teacher’s verbal exposition.
Fafunwa (2008) instructional facilities serve as the channel between the teachers and the students in delivering the instruction. They may also serve as the motivation on the teaching-learning process use to get the attention of the students in order for them to experience boredom just warn add the importance of instructional facilities.
Opoda (2011) explained that all the prevegecestes for effective management of any organization i.e on human resources. The success of any type of organization beit social, political or religious depend to a large extent on the human beings that make on the organization because human resources stand as the coordinator. Implementer and the thinktank the human beings in educational sector, bring together other resources to achieve institutional goals. So also in the school system the administration teaching and non teaching constitute the human resources put of the these human resources are referred to in this study as research teachers whose job are to put other physical resources such as instructional facilities.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Records have shown that a lot of research studies have been carried out on academic performance in other subjects however, little have been recorded on instructional facilities. Inview of this, the study intends to study the influence of instructional facilities on academic of student in JSS in Odeda L.G.A of OgunState.
1.3 Significance of the Study
The findings of the study will be beneficial to the teachers in the sense that it will expose them to the important of facilities. It will also help teaching to be more effective in classroom management. The results of the study will help the parents in the sense that it will expose them to the effect of parent support on their children and effect of providing the instructional facilitiesfor them. The results of the study will make students to have right attitude to the research as a subject.
1.4 Research Question
i. What is the relationship between availability of instructional facilities and student academic achievement?
ii. What is the relationship between using instructional facilities and student academic achievement?
iii. Are teacher adequately prepared trained and equipped to successfully use instructional facilities?
iv. To what extent does teacher effectiveness affect student academic achievement.
1.5 Limitation of the Study
The research work is designed to look at the influence of instructional facilities on academic achievement of student in Junior secondary schools in Odeda Local Government of Ogun State.
1.6 Definition of Terms
1. Instructional facilities are physical facilities which the teacher uses to transfer learning to the student.
2. Junior secondary school: is a school attended after elementary school.