CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
The important role being played by education in the long-term development of the individual and the society can be appreciated when one considers the amount of money invested by various governments and individuals. Education is a process of human upbringing that involves formal, informal and non-formal acquisition of knowledge, attitude ad skills for the positive growth of the individual and the society to which the individual belongs.
It is the process of training and developing the knowledge, skills, minds and characters of people. It is the process by which the latent abilities of individuals are developed so that they may be useful to themselves and the society at large.
The attempt to perpetuate this fundamental change brought about the idea of public education and subsequently, the question of sponsorship, and investment by government into education came up. In most cases, planning, financing and control of education is the prerogative of most of the government of the day.
The national policy on education 1989 (revised) has the general objectives for the Nigerian educational system, which includes the following:
Inculcation of the right type of values and attitudes for the survival of individual and the Nigeria society;
Training of the mind in the understanding of the world around; Acquisition of appropriate skills, abilities and competences both in mental and physical as equipment for the individual to live in and contribute to the development of his society.
Each level of Nigeria educational system has been designed to pursue specific goals. The National Policy on Education set out the aims of secondary Education in Nigeria as: Preparation (of the youths) for useful living within the society and preparation for higher education.
From these broad aims, the secondary education level has been assigned the more specific functions to:
Provide an increasing number of primary school pupils with the opportunity for education of a higher quality, irrespective of sex, or social, religious and ethnic background;
Diversify its curriculum to cater for the differences in talents, opportunities and roles possessed by or open to students after their secondary school course;
Equip students to love effectively in our modern age of science and technology;
Develop and project Nigeria culture, art and language as well as world’s cultural heritage;
Raise a generation of people who can think of others, respect the dignity of labour, and appreciate those national aims and live as good citizens foster Nigeria Unite with emphasis on the common ties that unite us in our diversity; and
Inspire its students with a desire for achievement and self-improvement both at school and in later life.
The broad national objectives of Nigeria educational system and the broad aims of secondary education seem not separable from the board goals of Nigeria education which seek to achieve:
· A free and democratic society
· A just and egalitarian society
· A united strong and self reliant nation;
· A great and dynamic economy; and
· A land of full opportunities for all citizens.
In Nigeria today, the importance of education in national development cannot be over emphasized. The belief in the efficacy of school education has resulted in government’s increasing commitment to the establishment of schools resulting in expansion of school enrollment at all levels of the nation’s educational system. (Abdulkareem, 2003).
Education being the most important instrument of change in the intellectual and social outlook of any society calls for the improvement of all aspects that aid educational; achievement of students.
Educational institutions at all levels therefore, have witnessed an upsurge in their number and enrolment figures. The rise can be attributed to the rate of population growth in the country and the increasing awareness for education among the Nigerian populace.
Out of the various shades and meanings of the term ‘Secondary Education; Imogie (1984) based his definition on 1977 National Policy on Education specifications and define secondary education in Nigeria as the form of education given to children after primary education and before the tertiary stage of education. He further observed that, secondary education in Nigeria has become a huge venture particularly since the 1970s. Secondary education in Nigeria is characterised by six-years programme to be split into two stages, the junior Secondary School (JSS) and the Senior Secondary School (SSS) each with a duration of three-years.
The split commenced in most of the states in the federation in 1982. There has been a phenomenal increase in the number of secondary schools both public and private owned especially since the 1980s. There is also diversified curricula, both in scope and in content as well as shortage in the supply of instructional equipments, materials and facilities.
Educational resources, which serve as input into the educational system have direct influence on the quality of student’s academic achievement. In essence, there is need for critical analysis with regards to the quality, quantity and adequacy of educational resources (Human, Materials, Financial, Physical) if the broad national aims and objectives and goals of education has to be achieved.
All secondary schools in Nigeria irrespective of their location or owners (public or private) are expected to function in compliance with stated educational objectives as spelt out in the National Policy on Education. Then, if all secondary schools (public or private) in Nigeria are expected to achieve the same objectives, adequate quantity and quality of resources commensurate to the needs of the individual school and students should be provided.
But, with Nigeria educational system general and Lagos State in particular, educational resources are not provided for secondary schools of need basis. More so that, it is believed in many quarters that the standard of education in Nigeria is falling especially when people who had their education decades ago look back nostalgically to those ‘good old times’.