Francesco Pollini’s biography, net worth, fact, career, awards and life story

Intro Italian composer and music educator
A.K.A. Franc Pavlanski Pollini, Franc Pollini
Was Musician 
Educator 
Composer 
Music educator 
Pianist 
From Italy 
Type Academia 
Music 
Gender male
Birth 25 March 1762, Ljubljana, Ljubljana City Municipality, Slovenia
Death 17 September 1846, Milan, Province of Milan, Lombardy, Italy
(aged 84 years)
Star sign Aries

Francesco Pollini, také Pulini, Pullini, Polliny, Franc, šlechtickým titulem Franz de Paula Pollini, (26. března 1762 Lublaň – 17. září 1846 Milán) byl italský zpěvák, klavírista, hudební skladatel a pedagog.

Život

Rodina Pollini se přestěhovala do Kraňska 100 let před Francescovým narozením. Otec byl lékařem a lékárníkem v Lublani. Od císařovny Marie Terezie získal dědičný rakouský šlechtický titul, protože vyvinul odvar proti syfilidě známý jako „le acque Pollini“. Francesco návod na odvar zdědil a používal jej k léčení svých známých z řad aristokratů i hudebníků.

V Lublani získal Francesco základní hudební vzdělání jako zpěvák, cembalista a houslista. V roce 1783 odcestoval do Prahy a o rok později do Paříže, kde se setkal s Antoniem Salierim. Ten ho představil francouzskému velvyslanci u vídeňského dvora Marie-François-Louis Du Roullet, který psal operní libreta. Po smrti svého otce v roce 1786 z Lublaně odešel natrvalo. Zpíval ve skupině italských zpěváků a mimo jiné účinkoval v Palais Auersperg ve Vídni v roli Idamante v opeře Wolfganga Amadea Mozarta Idomeneo. S Mozartem se patrně velmi sblížil, neboť Mozart mu věnoval duet “Spiegerti non poss’io” pro soprán a tenor (KS 489) a “Szena con Rondo” pro tenor a housle (KS 490).

Po dvou letech cestování s operními společnostmi studoval Pollini od roku 1790 v Miláně skladbu u Niccolò Antonia Zingarelliho. Roku 1798 se oženil s Marianou Gasparini, známou harfenistkou. V témže roce debutoval jako operní skladatel operou La Casetta nei Bochi, která byla uvedena v Teatro Cannobiano. Na oslavu uzavření míru mezi Anglií a Francií (Amienský mír), byla ve Scale uvedena jeho kantáta Il Trionfo della Pace. U příležitosti korunovace Napoleona králem Itálie, byla dne 26. května 1805 v milánské katedrále uvedena dvě větší Polliniho díla: “Vivat, Vivat” a “Te ergo quaesumus”.

Významným a nejznámějším dílem Polliniho se stala škola hry na klavír “Metodo di clavicembalo”. Tato učebnice byla po několik desetiletí užívána jako základní klavírní škola v celé Itálii. Za toto dílo získal čestné členství milánské konzervatoře.

Dílo

Kromě uvedené klavírní školy a pěti oper (z nichž pouze dvě byly provedeny na jevišti), komponoval zejména duchovní hudbu a hudbu pro klavír. Je autorem několika oratorií, kantát a mší. Napsal Stabat Mater, Requiem a Te Deum. Komponoval jednotlivé árie pro zpěv a klavír, či pro zpěv s doprovodem orchestru. Významné však jsou jeho klavírní sonáty, kterých napsal více než 60. Psal rovněž klavírní variace na témata z tehdy populárních oper.

Opery

  • La casetta nel bosco (1798 Milán)
  • Il genio insubre (1799 Milán)
  • Le convenienze teatrali (neprovedeno)
  • Ines di Castro (neprovedeno)
  • Il ripudio fortunato (neprovedeno)

Literatura

  • Ivan Klemenčič: The Ljubljana Period of Francesco Pollini and His Family Background. Musicological Annual. Vol 28, No 1 (1992). Ljubljana University Press, Faculty of Arts

Externí odkazy

  • Volně přístupné partitury děl od Francesca Polliniho v projektu IMSLP
  • Seznam oper (německy)
  • Úvod k novému vydání Polliniho klavírní školy: Metodo per pianoforte. (italsky)
  • Životopis (italsky)
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