CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
For any organization to be effective there should be effective distribution channel or process to convey finished products from the manufacturer to the final consumers. This is because without distribution the best product will not be delivered and the marketing mix will break down and fail. As a result of this, firms are increasingly adopting supply chain management to reduce cost, increase market share and sales, and build solid customer relations (Ferguson 2000). The idea of using an effective channels of distribution as a strategic tool in purchasing of technical goods can be viewed as a philosophy based on the belief that each firm in the supply chain directly and indirectly acts the performance of all the other supply chain members, as well as ultimately, overall supply chain performance (Cooper et al, 1997). The effective use of this philosophy requires that functional and supply-chain partner activities are aligned with company strategy and harmonized with organizational structure, processes, culture, incentive and people (Abell 1999).
Distribution channel consists of a group of individuals or organizations that assist in getting the product to the right place at the right time. Distribution plays a vital role, primarily because it ultimately acts the sales turnover and profit margins of the organization. If the product cannot reach its chosen destination at the appropriate time, then it can erode competitive advantage and customer retention. The retail industry is responsible for the distribution of finished products to the consumer as well as the public. The retail sector comprises of general retailers (managed by individuals/families), departmental stores, specialty stores and discount stores.
In practice, many organizations use a mix of different channels; in particular, they may complement a direct sales-force, calling on the larger accounts, with agents, covering the smaller customers and prospects. However, the major challenge now facing the retail industry is the power of the customers or buyers.
This is because the customers are becoming increasingly knowledgeable, impatient, not wishing to wait for the suppliers’ products for any period of time.
This coupled with the fact that firms are now trying to implement specific distribution strategy or practices based upon their unique set of competitive priorities and business conditions to achieve the desired level of performance, has led to an investigation into the various distribution strategies and practices available with the view to establish the strategy or practice which has the most influence on the purchase of technical goods in Nigeria.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Most producers use intermediaries to bring their products to market. They use a set of interdependent organizations in the process of making a product or
service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user. This process is what has been known as distribution channel (Philip Kotler 2001).
Distribution describes all the logistics involved in delivering a company’s products or services to the right place, at the right time, for the lowest cost. In the
unending sorts to realize these goals, the channel of distribution selected by a business play a vital role in this process. Well-chosen channel constitute a significant competitive advantage, while poorly conceived or chosen channel can doom even a superior product or service to failure in the market.