TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 CONCEPTUAL CLARIFICATION
2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
3.2 AREA OF STUDY
3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
3.4 RESEARCH SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
3.5 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION
3.6 VALIDITY OF THE INSTRUMENT
3.7 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
3.8 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.4 LIMITATION
5.5 SUGGESTION FOR FUTHER STUDY
REFRENCE
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Nigeria gained independence from the British colonial government in 1960. Since then, rural or community development has been declared a priority by successive civil or military governments. Nigeria’s rural areas have the largest number of citizens, with at least 75 per cent of the country’s population living in rural areas. It is the collective desire of this vast majority of the Nigerian population to have access to development, whatever their political, economic and social status. The basic development objectives of Nigeria include: Reducing rural poverty and unemployment in rural areas; Incorporating grassroots communities into national socio-economic and political development through effective participation in their own affairs; Improving incomes of rural people whose main activity is agriculture and non-agricultural activities Such as handicrafts, wholesale and so on. Improving the quality of people’s lives by providing basic products such as food, drinking water, electricity, health services, schools, etc. (Udo, 2014)
One of the greatest problems of third world countries today is the high rate of rural urban drift, making the population in the cities, more difficult to manage. This rural urban drift poses serious challenges to the third world countries as only very few city governments have the resources and facilities to cope with such rapidly growing population (Otto, 2008a). The major cause of the high exodus to the urban areas is the neglect of rural areas, in spite of the fact that over 65 per cent of Nigerians are rural dwellers. The rural areas are generally characterized by high level of illiteracy, abject poverty, unemployment and lack of other basic infrastructural facilities including housing, electricity and inadequate communication facilities, though in 2002 President Obasanjo introduced the GSM services which have been extended to semi-urban areas (Otto, 2008b). The standard of living is generally low, this has partly informed the drift to urban areas where basic facilities are relatively more available and standards of living are higher
Rural and Community Development are generally concerned about improvements in the quality of life but community development may not be restricted to rural areas alone. Community development is about self-help development efforts from members of the community (Agiobenebo, 1987). Thus an urban community that identifies a need for a transformer in its locality and takes initiative to raise the required funds and other resources with which to provide for itself is actually undertaking community development. Similarly, community development can also occur in the rural areas. In fact, many rural communities are often found with one form of community development project or another. These include community roads, markets centres, village squares among others. In point, whereas rural development is all about the transformation and improvement of welfare in rural areas, irrespective of the source of development, community development is specific (Otto, 1999, Amringe 1998). It is development that is ‘self-started’ or self-engineered within the community. For example a community in Port Harcourt as Federal Housing Estate around Mile 4, may choose to install additional electricity transformer to meet the increased power needs of that community. In fact, around the Mgbuoba area in Port Harcourt, several roads were worked on in terms of resurfacing or other repairs by members of the community themselves. These are examples of community development programmes in urban areas.
It is clear that successive regimes in Nigeria have at different times begun programs and approaches to combat poverty, rural development and food security and their associated effect on the country. These programs include: creation of more state-, local government, development centres, and mobilization of people for local participation in the planning and implementation of community development projects to establish new development centers, thereby reducing migration from rural to urban areas. A look at Nigeria’s national development plans such as the nation’s nutrition process and the Green Revolution programs of the military regime OlusegunObasanjo and the civil regime ShehuShagari (1975-1985), respectively. Others are the Directorate for Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructure (DFRRI) by the Babangida military administration (1985 – 1993); the Better Life for Rural Women and Family Support programmes by the wives of Babangida and Sani Abacha respectively; and the Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) coupled with the very recent Subsidy Re-investment Programme (Sure-P) programmes. Most of these programs are commendable, but the implementation strategies show that they are mere decorations and cosmetics because their impacts neither reduce poverty in the country nor increase the standard of living at the grass-roots level. Larry & Sunday (2016) In view of the fact that the Federal Government in cooperation with United Nations development programs introduced the UNDP microcredit program in the late 1990s to address the critical poverty problem and the social and economic development of its population.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Until recently, most Nigerian communities felt that it was the responsibility of the Government and its authorities to respond to the needs of their communities. In other words, the government must develop society by providing all necessary infrastructure and social and physical facilities (Onibokun, 1976). Consequently, social services are absent in most communities. However, the degree or level of poor infrastructure faced by communities varies from place to place. It is now clear that most communities are reluctant to adopt and expect the government to do what is required in other to promote an enabling environment and facilities for community development. The government must provide essential amenities such as drinking water, good roads, health services, improved education in agriculture and literacy, as well as operational protection of lives and property. This has not been obtainable. Therefore, people must meet as a social unit to develop their society by eliminating their differences which is the main factors affecting community under-development in community development. Obayelu (2007) says poor infrastructure, such as inadequate electricity, good roads, pipelines, markets and hospitals, reveals high underdevelopment in the country. According to Ofoh as cited in Okereke et al. (2016) reported that many development programs that had been tried in the past in Nigeria had failed. Their failure can be linked to corrupt practices in the country. Although corruption has been identified as one of the most important delinquent in the economic, social and political process in Nigeria, there is still much to do about the problems and challenges facing community development in Nigeria. Accordingly, the study attempts to examine the effect of community social development project on the livelihood of farmers in Ezza north LGA, Ebonyi state.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of this study is to find out the effect of community social development project on livelihood of farmers, specifically the study intends to:
1. To investigate the issues and challenges of community development in Nigeria
2. To estimate the number of people with access to social services in terms of water, health, transport and electricity in Ebonyi state.
3. To find out the effect of community social development project on the livelihood
1.4 RESEACH QUESTION
1. What are the issues and challenges of community development in Nigeria
2. What are the no of people that has access to social services in terms of water, health, transport and electricity in Ebonyi state
3. What is the effect of community social development project on the livelihood
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study effect of community social development project on livelihood of farmers was carried out in Ezza North LGA in Ebonyi state.
1.7 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
However, in the course of carrying out this research work, the researcher can foresee some limitations which include; insufficient financing, insufficient data for the research work and the time required for the project to be concluded.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Effect: a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.
Community Social Development Project: community social development project is a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems. Community wellbeing (economic, social, environmental and cultural) often evolves from this type of collective action being taken at a grassroots level.
Farmers: a person who owns or manages a farm
Livelihood: a means of securing the necessities of life.