TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER TWO
PROJECT REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
3.0 INTRODUCTION
3.1 TRANSFORMER
3.1.1 STEP-
DOWN TRANSFORMER
3.1.2 Step-up
transformer
3.1.3 Transformer
Ratings
3.2 RESISTOR
3.3 CAPACITOR
3.4 DIODE
3.5 RECTIFIER
3.6 TRANSISTOR
3.7 RELAY
3.9 LIGHT
EMITTING DIODE (LED)
CHAPTER FOUR
THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF A DIGITAL
INCUBATOR.
4.1 VERO
BOARD:
4.2 HEATING
ELEMENT (BULB)
4.3 FAN
4.4 CABLES
CHAPTER FIVE
PACKAGING AND DESIGN
4.6 MOUNTING
PROCEDURE
CHAPTER SIX
CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING
6.1 TESTING
THE CIRCUIT
CHAPTER SEVEN
CONCLUSION
PROJECT COST
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abstract
The digital incubator is a microcontroller based temperature
control and monitoring system, it is a workable digital incubator expected to
keep the se-mounding of chicken at a required temperature by decreasing the
resistance on the temperature increases and increasing the resistance when the
temperature has falling beyond reference voltage. The system is designed to
incubate different types of eggs, having a user-friendly interface to set the
temperature range for its operation. The temperature is monitored by a digital
thermometer DS1820 and controlled by a microcontroller AT89S52 embedded with a
software program which toggles it between high and low temperature. The egg
roller is a mechanical part needed to roll the eggs at intervals, to ensure
proper development of embryos in the eggs.
The incubator will help the agricultural industry to increase
productivity in poultry production. It is automatic and user friendly; it
reduces the stress of monitoring and ensures maximum productivity. It is able
to incubate different types of eggs, thus reducing the cost of acquiring
different types of incubator. The prototype incubator constructed has been able
to achieve the aims and objectives of the research albeit with modifications.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0.
INTRODUCTION
Egg
incubation is the process by which eggs are kept warm under specific
temperature and humidity so that the embryo inside can develop and hatch after
a specific number of days (French, 1997). The most vital factors of incubation
are constant temperature and humidity which has to be maintained over a period
of days. Naturally, this process is carried out by the animal either by laying
on it called brooding or burying it under the ground using geothermal heat or
the heat generated from rotting vegetation, earth and other material, created
to form a giant compost heap (Brinsea, 2014). The humidity around the egg is
also critical; if the air is too dry the egg will lose too much water to the
atmosphere, which can make hatching difficult or impossible. As incubation
proceeds, the egg will normally become lighter, and the air space within the
egg will normally become larger, owing to evaporation from the egg. In order to
ensure proper hatching of the eggs, adequate humidity is necessary (Abiola et.
al., 2008).
With
the development in agricultural sector and its commercialization, this natural
incubation process cannot keep pace with the vast increase in the population of
the world that has led to increased demand for food. In order to increase food
production to sustain the growing population, devices and systems that can aid
agricultural productions are of paramount importance. One of such devices is
the Egg Incubator. An Egg Incubator is a device that provides constant
temperature and humidity for the egg under incubation through hatching,
invariably taking up the job of an animal over a specific period of days.
Incubator
has variety of applications but it has only one meaning, incubator is an
apparatus consist of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the
use of a thermoctal or thermictor; used for chicks or premature infants. Synoaym: brooder: it is an apparatus
consisting of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a
thermostat; used for chicks or premature infants.
In the business
world, an incubator is an enterprise that is set up to provide office space,
equipment, and sometimes mentioning assistance and capital to new businesses
that are just getting stated. (the tem
is familiar in poetry farming, where an incubator is a specially – equipped
home for baby chickens)> business
incubators are set up by universities, non-profit groups, and increasingly by
venture capitalists, especially for new web businesses.
On the web, the space
of growth and competition, especially of retail and business to – business
(B2B) Web sites, is fostering software packages for the creation of “out-of-the
box” Web sites. For more ambitious Web
sites and technology product development, venture capitalists are discovering
that the incubation idea provides an organized way to finance and monitor the
progress of its fledging “chicks”.
1.
An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such as
temperature and humidity, can be controlled, often used for growing bacterial
cultures, hatching eggs artificially, or providing sinkable conditions for a
chemical or biological reaction.
2.
Medicine: An apparatus for maintaining an infant, especially a
premature infant, in an environment of controlled temperature, humidity, and
oxygen concentration.
3.
A place or situation that permits or encourages the formation and
development, as of new ideas: a college of that was an incubator of new
approaches to sociology.
The small-scale
apparatus for hailing eggs inspired the invention of incubators for peremptory
born human infants, whose lives are often saved in an environment of controlled
heat, humidity and ventilation. Another
type of incubator has been developed for the culture of micro-organisms.
Incubator is a
specialized crib used in carrying for infants, in which the temperature and
oxygen content of the air can be controlled.
Offer, babies who are born prematurely will be placed in an incubator
until they have become strong enough to be housed in a regular crib.
1.
An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such on temperature
and humidity, can be controlled, often used for growing bacterial cultures,
hatching eggs artificially, or providing suitable conditions for a chemical or
biological reaction.
2.
An apparatus for maintaining an infant, especially a premature
infant, in an environment of controlled temperature, humanity, and oxygen
concentration.
1.2. Aims and Objectives
The aim of this
research is to design and develop a device that will be able to incubate
different types of eggs, thus reducing the cost of acquiring different types of
incubator. Also, the device will be digital and user friendly to reduce the
stress of monitoring; this will go a long way in aiding the agricultural
industry to increase productivity in poultry production. The objectives are:
(i) To provide variable temperature and humidity,
this design is aimed at using the incubator
for various types of eggs with different incubating conditions.
(ii) To provide automatic temperature and humidity
control: this is to ensure that the temperature and humidity are maintained at
the required values.
(iii) To provide
automatic egg roller, for proper embryonic development, it is necessary for the
egg to be exercised at least three (3) times a day during the incubation period
(Abiola et. al., 2008).
(iv) To provide an
input keyboard and LCD display, the input keypad will be used to input and
select data when operating the device, whereas the LCD will display the output
to ensure proper monitoring.
1.3. Significance
of Study
The
purpose of this text is to present at a primary and intermediate level a
comprehensive over view of the construction principle and indeed the operation
of a Digital Incubator. We want to
present a situation where by as the temperature in going up let the resistance
be decreasing and as the temperature decreases let the resistance be going up.
The history and importance of
Electronics as a unique branch of science cannot be over emphasized Electronic
as its history might have it, is divided into two periods. The first began with the invention of the
vacuum tube, the second, occupying the later half of the twentieth century in
based on the invention of the transistor.
Since Electronic is the branch of
science and Technology relating to the conduction and control of electricity
flowing through semi-conductor materials through vacuum are based. Its application to industry will be concerned
with the design, manufacture and application of transistors, dides, integrated
circuits and other semi-conductor devices and to a much lesser extent vacuum
tubes.
Therefore, it is a fact crystal clear,
that it is from the above breed and follow up from the electronic industry that
such devices like Digital incubator was able to be made, Digital incubator is
therefore device designed to keep chicken and babies at a required temperature
when they are delivered prematurely especially as it applies to babies. It is used to keep them worm.
It is commendable to note here that
with the help of this digital work on construction and operation of digital
incubator, students of electronic engineering now have a text to lay hands on.