TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE.. ii
DEDICATION.. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS. vi
LIST OF FIGURES. viii
ABSTRACT. ………ix
CHAPTER ONE.. 1
INTRODUCTION.. 1
1.1 Background to the Study. 1
1.2 The Sun and the nature of light Energy. 3
1.3 Solar lamp. 4
1.4 Solar Cell 4
1.4.1 Solar Cell Voltage and Current 5
1.5 How s solar Panel Works. 6
1.6 Photovoltaic applications. 9
1.6.1 Basic operation of PV cells. 10
1.6.2 Photovoltaic Systems. 10
1.6.3 Stand-alone PV systems. 11
1.7 LED Lighting. 13
1.8 Photovoltaic LED lighting systems. 14
1.9 Component Description. 15
1.9.1 Light Emitting Diode. 15
1.9.2 Relay. 16
1.9.3 Solar Power Panel 17
1.9.4 Battery. 18
1.9.4.1 Lithium Ion Battery. 19
1.9.4.2 Lead-acid batteries. 19
1.9.5 Resistors. 20
1.9.6 Diode. 20
1.9.7 Capacitor. 21
1.9.8 Transformer. 22
1.9.9 Connecting Wire. 23
1.9.10 Vero Board. 23
CHAPTER TWO.. 25
MATERIALS AND METHODS. 25
2.1 Materials. 25
2.2 Tools Used in the Construction of AC/Solar Rechargeable Lantern. 25
2.2.1 Pin Plier. 25
2.2.2 Small Flat-Blade Screw Driver. 26
2.2.3Vero Board. 26
2.2.4Soldering Iron. 27
2.2.5Soldering Iron Stand. 27
2.2.6Desoldering Pump (Solder Sucker) 27
2.2.7 Solder Reel or Solder. 28
2.2.8 Side Cutters. 28
2.2.9 Multimeter. 28
CHAPTER THREE.. 30
ANALYSIS. 30
3.1 Construction Procedure for the Veroboard. 30
Step 1: Solar Lamp Circuit 30
3.2 Testing. 32
3.3 Principle of Operation. 32
3.4 Cost Analysis. 33
CHAPTER FOUR.. 34
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION.. 35
4.1 Discussion. 35
4.2 Conclusion. 35
4.3 Recommendations. 36
REFERENCES. 37
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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 1: Equivalent circuit for a solar cell 5
Fig. 2: I-V curve of the solar panel 6
Fig. 3: A Photovoltaic (PV) Panel 7
Fig. 4How a solar panel generates electricity.