Characteristics of orographic rainfall

Orographic Rainfall – Major Characteristics

When the saturated air mass comes across a mountain, it is forced to rise. The rising air expands, eventually, the temperature falls, and the moisture gets condensed. The principal characteristic of this type of rain is that the windward slopes get more rainfall.

Relief Rainfall

Relief or orographic rain is formed when air is forced to cool when it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. As it rises it cools, condenses and forms rain. The highest rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the mountain areas along the west coast.

Orographic or relief rainfall is caused when masses of air are forced up the side of elevated land formations, such as large mountains (often referred to as an upslope effect). The lift of the air up the side of the mountain results in adiabatic cooling, and ultimately condensation and precipitation.

Orographic precipitation is well known on oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands or New Zealand, where much of the rainfall received on an island is on the windward side, and the leeward side tends to be quite dry, almost desert-like, by comparison.

Orographic precipitation, rain, snow, or other precipitation produced when moist air is lifted as it moves over a mountain range. As the air rises and cools, orographic clouds form and serve as the source of the precipitation, most of which falls upwind of the mountain ridge.

Convectional rainfall is widespread in areas where the ground is heated by the hot sun, such as the Tropics. This is why areas, such as the Amazon Rainforest, experience heavy rainfall most afternoons.

Convectional rainfall

When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. This causes the air to expand and rise. As the air rises it cools and condenses. If this process continues then rain will fall.

Orographic precipitation, rain, snow, or other precipitation produced when moist air is lifted as it moves over a mountain range. As the air rises and cools, orographic clouds form and serve as the source of the precipitation, most of which falls upwind of the mountain ridge.

Answer. Answer: Convective rain and light precipitation are the result of convective clouds, for example cumulonimbus or cumulus congestus.

Rainfall Patterns. Rainfall Patterns. Precipitation – rain, snow, sleet and hail – is associated with areas of rising air and low pressure. When air rises it cools, and the moisture it contains condenses out as clouds, which eventually produce precipitation.

Cyclonic or Frontal rain: This type of rainfall occurs when warm and cold air meets each other. Since warm air is lighter, it rises above the cold air. The rising air is then cooled beyond the saturation point resulting in heavy rainfall. Such rainfall lasts only for few hours.

Types of Rainfall – Relief, Convectional, and Frontal Rainfall.

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