ABSTRACT
The study is a critical
examination of the role of broadcast media as tools for effective rural
development. The rural means of communication is still the epitome for rural
development. These broadcast medium of communication includes the following:
radio, television and some modern means of communication such as the internet
etc.
However, both primary
and secondary data will be used in gathering information for the study. The
secondary data will come as a review of documented materials, while the primary
data will be obtained with the help of questionnaire and oral interview, and
will be administered to the rural dwellers with the help of the researcher, who
will help the unlettered ones to fill in the boxes by explaining the questions
to them.
A total of 383
questionnaire will be distributed precisely to the Magaji of .
The data collected will
be tabulated and analyzed using percentages. The four hypotheses formulated
will be tested using chi-square method respectively.
The
findings of the study will show among others that the broadcast media is a tool
for an effective rural development.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract
Table of
Contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction/Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Purpose/Objective of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Research Question
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Scope of the study/Determination
1.8 Conceptual and Operational Definition of
Terms
CHAPTER TWO
THORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical framework
2.2 Strength of democratic participant theory
2.3 Research studies review
2.4 Radio as veritable tools for development
2.5 Roles of the development radio
2.6 Radio development, prospect and challenges
2.7 Media ownership of the study
2.8 Factors that militates against the rural
communication development.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN
3.1 Research methodology
3.2 Research design
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sample and sampling techniques
3.5 Instrumentation
3.6 Validity of the instrument
3.7 Method of administration of the instrument
3.8 Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT
4.1 Analysis of the field performance of the
instrument
4.2 Testing of research hypothesis
4.3 Disclosure of findings
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
Bibliographies
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Inspite
of the fact that broadcasting historians could not provide the exact date of
the beginning of radio, which is the fore runner of television, they agreed that
the start of regular broadcasting service was in 1920.
It
will be no understatement that it was a fore runner in developing primitive
communities via its informing, educating and entertaining that the rural
dwellers. Although, one could be wondering that the rate at which the urban
areas in early ages and now get influenced by radio rural areas which have
restricted access to this modern means of communication.
However,
they still get influenced by broadcast media and the garment of influence can
only depend on the government welfare in catering for its rural dwellers a they
only have limited resources to have access to this mediated information of the
broadcast media.
Another
issue to be addressed is the perception and mindset of rural dwellers towards
broadcast media and their message. Most rural dwellers believe that broadcast
message are only meant for the sophisticated and the few of them that believe
that the broadcast message is also meant for them had already developed the
belief that most broadcast media message. Information are based on nothing but
propaganda and even some of them find that broadcast programme and message are
the abstract. As a result, they have little or no time to listen to them coming
up with the statement that “I have preference in spending more time in the farm
than listen to those mendacious stories of the broadcast media which is of little
benefit to me”.
Ayo
dujile 2005 XIV this is because rural dweller engage in either farming or
fishing activities and see no reason to listen to broadcast that is not meant
for the rustic people.
How
can could the media solve the problem of in accessibility of broadcast media
message in the rural setting? And broadcast media via its programme improve on
it by inoculating the long built – in attitude of the rural dwellers towards
mediated information of the media? It is against this back drop that this study
is based and it will be examining the role broadcast media can play in
grassroots development. Radio in particular is believed to be the most
accessible to the rural dweller given the low cost of buying and of
maintenance. In addition, people’s attitude would be measured on the broadcast
media and their contents available to them.
The
frame work of this project is to critically examine the broadcast media tool
for effective rural development – the term broadcasting refer to the totality
of the communication and technology process that allows for the transmission of
audio. Visual signals to a large heterogeneous mass of people simultaneously.
The inclusion of radio and television media under the generic term “MASS MEDIA”
is justified because of their ability to reach large part of the population and
their message is meant for public reception.
According
to Head and Stealing (1982) “mass media are those means of communication that
use technology to reach large part of the population almost simultaneously with
the kind of news and entertainment ordinary people kind attractive and at a
price that ordinary people can afford to pay”.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
In the communication process especially
as regards to broadcast media (Radio and Television) and modern mass media such
as the prints and the electronic media the rural people seems to be
marginalized due to several factors. In spite of these factors broadcast media
(Radio and Television) could be positively exploited and civilized to met the
needs of rural populace and also to curb the menace of illiteracy among the
rural dwellers. How far the harnessing and utilization of these broadcasting
media means would get to solve the problem of the rural thesis, the primary
concern of this research.
Broadcast media are believed to be too
exhibit?? due to the fact that they are mostly based in urban area. To this
end, rural communities participation in the news making process is neglected.
The quality of information made available to them either too poor or irrelevant
to the needs, and aspirations of the rural community. Rural dwellers are
therefore left what being carried along the broadcast media programming.
1.3 PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed at identifying the
role of broadcasting media in the development of Oyun village, Ilorin East
Local Government Area,
.
The study also intends to discover the usefulness and limitation of any of
those media in the community the effectiveness of broadcast media will be
determine and will serve as a basis for cornicing broadcast media in Oyun
community.
The study also tends to evaluate how
rural dwellers in Oyun community have been influenced by broadcast media
message. The study will further took into the attitude of some of the rural
dweller i.e. In Oyun, towards mediated information of the broadcast of media,
which of the broadcast media influence the rural dweller positively and which
ones need to be improved upon by giving suggestion via questionnaire that will
be distributed to the people of Oyun.
Finally, this study will also look into
how the government has been a useful tool in making rural dwellers have access
to broadcast media message by providing necessary infrastructural facilities
and how government has been carrying the rural dweller particularly in Oyun
along in its policies and programmes.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The study will be a humble contribution
towards the development of broadcast media communication in Oyun Village it
will also serve as a source of encouragement to carry the broadcast media and
other modern mass media to the community of Oyun Village, Ilorin East Local
Government and Ilorin, Kwara State.
This study will guide other researches
who want to know and understand the broadcast media as tools for effective
rural development. This study will also encourage other cultural studies in
African indigenous communication pattern.
It will also serves as literature on the
roles being played by broadcast media, toward the development of a given
community.
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTION
The following research questions will
act as guide to the issue to be treated in this study.
1. What type of broadcast media are used for
effective means of communication by Oyun Villagers?
2. How credible are those media and their
information to Oyun People?
3. Is there any complimentary role played by
the broadcasting media with respect to the traditional means of communication
in ?
4. Do people of Oyun village refer to
broadcast media as sources of acquiring information more than any other medium
of communication?
5. Do these media serve the information needs
of the people via development programme?
6. Can the broadcast media, television and
radio endurance rural based communication more then the traditional means of
communication?
7. What type of programmes are enjoyed most by
or most satisfy the people of Oyun village?
1.6 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS FORMED
HA – The
broadcast media is an important agent of rural development
HO – The
broadcast media is not an important agent of rural development.
HA – Broadcast
media affect the rural dweller more positively then negatively.
HA – Broadcast
media are more credible than the traditional means of communication in rural
area.
H0 – Broadcast media are not more credible than the
traditional means of communication in rural area.
HA – Radio
is used more than any other category media of mass in Oyun village.
HO – Radio
is not used more than any other category of media in Oyun village.
HA –
A reasonable period of time are devoted to programme that are meant for rural
dwellers.
HO –
No period of time devoted to programme to the rural dweller.
1.7 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY/DELIMINATION
The study gives a brief background on
the concept of broadcasting as stated in the introductory page of this research
work. The study also identifies the broadcast medium art facts mostly used by
the people of the community in the fast and present day.
The usefulness and limitation of these
artifacts in serving the communication in the entire community is a result of
the short period of time??
This study might also be limited to
information collection from population figure of community under study, low
literacy rate, time constraint are all part of the limitation.
Above all, the limitation of the case
study is being influenced by the proximity of the case study to the researcher
as well as transportation and financial constraint which make it necessary to
choose a near by community based on geographical contiguity to the researcher.
1.8 CONCEPTUAL
AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION TERMS
1. Conceptual
Media – According to longman dictionary media are all the organization such
as television, newspaper, radio magazine or all other forms through which
people interact and get information for the public”.
OPERATIONAL
MEDIA – It could be described as any medium through which information is
being passed across to the people both by broadcast and nay other means of
communicator.
2. CONCEPTUAL
TOOLS – According to Longman dictionary, it is defined as “skill that is
useful for doing your jobs”
OPERATIONAL
TOOLS – A useful means through which goals can be achieved.
3. CONCEPTUAL
COMMUNICATION – According to Longman dictionary, “it is the process by
which people exchange information or express their thought and feelings”
OPERATIONAL
COMMUNICATIONS – It is the process by which we exchange our ideas, views,
opinions, norms, valves, traditions beliefs etc from one person to another
through a medium.
4. CONCEPTUAL
EFFECTIVE – According to Oxford Advance Dictionary “it is producing the
result that is wanted of intended producing a successful result”.
OPERATIONAL
EFFECTIVES – Producing a successful result.
CONCEPTUA
RURAL – A remote area to
the country side, out of the city where people are dwelling with their common
belief.
OPERATIONAL RURAL –
An under developed area where people are living
with a common norm.