AN
APPRAISAL OF INMATES’ REHABILITATION FACILITIES IN KADUNA AND ZARIA PRISONS
ABSTRACT
This
central thrust of this research is to appraise the inmates’ rehabilitation
facilities in Nigerian Prisons using Kaduna and Zaria prison as a case study. Against
this backdrop, this study attempts to empirically appraise the inmates’
rehabilitation facilities in Nigeria prison with Kaduna and Zaria Prisons as
the case study. To achieve this, sample size of 145 inmates, 37 staff was
selected through simple random sampling by the use of prison register. Qualitative
and Quantitative data were collected through the use of questionnaire and
interview method. Also the analysis of data was through the combination of
qualitative and quantitative analysis. This result of the data analysis showed
that the respondents varied in socio-demographic characteristic such as age,
sex, marital status, educational qualification, religion etc. further, the data
showed that many of the inmates said that there is rehabilitation facilities
such as carpentry, work, electrical work, shoe making etc. though some opined
that despite the existing scheme it was only meant for convicts and awaiting
trial were excluded from the benefiting in such schemes.The study also found
that: Provision for rehabilitation services is still neglected and not international
best practices compliance; the incarceration condition of the inmates with
respect to accommodation, feeding and medication does not meet the United
Nation’s standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners; prison inmates
of these prisons prefer one rehabilitation services to the other. The most
preferred rehabilitation service is recreational activity-football. Despite the
aforementioned problems the prison still has been able to play the role of
rehabilitation at a small measure.Based on these findings, it was recommended
among others that deliberate efforts should be made by the Federal Government
and prison service providers to reform the Nigerian prisons and make it
international best practice compliance. There is also the need to introduce
more rehabilitation services, facilities and reformative programmes such as
training inmates on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and giving
adequate awareness programmes so as to rehabilitate prison inmates and stop
recidivism.
Table of Contents
Cover
Page———————————————————————————–i
Title
Page————————————————————————————ii
Declaration———————————————————————————-iii
Certification——————————————————————————–iv
Acknowledgement————————————————————————v
Abstract————————————————————————————-vii
Table
of Contents———————————————————————–viii
List
of Tables——————————————————————————xi
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
Introduction————————————————————————-1
1.1 Background of the Study——————————————————-1
1.2 Statement
of the Problem——————————————————3
1.3
Significance
of the Study——————————————————-4
1.4 Aim and Objectives—————————————————————5
1.4.1 Aims of the Study—————————————————————–5
1.4.2 Objective—————————————————————————–5
1.5
Methodology————————————————————————6
1.6
Scope
and limitation————————————————————-7
1.7
Delimitation————————————————————————-7
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review—————————————————————–8
2.1
Prison——————————————————————————–8
2.2
Type
of Prisons——————————————————————10
2.2.1 A Convict prison—————————————————————–10
2.2.2 Central Prison——————————————————————–10
2.2.3 Divisional
or Provincial Prison———————————————11
2.2.4 Prison Camp———————————————————————-11
2.3
Inmates
Rehabilitation Facilities——————————————12
2.4 Types of Inmates Rehabilitation Facilities——————————16
2.4.1 Educational Facilities———————————————————-16
2.4.2 Health Care Facility or Hospital——————————————–17
2.4.3 Religious Facility—————————————————————-18
2.4.4 Prison
Agricultural Skill Acquisition————————————–18
2.5 The Problem of Nigerian Prison System——————————–19
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology——————————————————–23
3.1 Research
Design—————————————————————-23
3.2 Sample Population————————————————————–23
3.3 Data Gathering Techniques————————————————–24
3.4 Analytical Techniques———————————————————25
3.5 Constraints in Data Collecting———————————————-25
CHAPTER
FOUR
Data Presentation,
Analysis and Discussion of Results———–27
4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis——————————————–27
4.2 Discussion of Findings——————————————————–40
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.1 Summary of the Findings—————————————————–42
5.2 Conclusion————————————————————————43
5.3 Recommendations————————————————————–43
References————————————————————————-46
List of Tables
Table 3.1 Break down of the sample for the study
according to prison location inmates—————————–24
Table 3.2 Break down of the sample for the study
according to prison location operation
staff——————-24
Table
4.1 Socio-Demographic
Characteristic of Inmate——————28
Table
4.2 Inmates’ Perception of
Educational Facilities—————–30
Table
4.3 Inmates’ Participation in Skill
Acquisition Programme—–31
Table 4.4
Inmates’ Perception on Religious Facilities——————-32
Table
4.5 Inmates’ Participation in
Mid-Range
Industrial
Rehabilitation———————————————–32
Table
4.6 Level of inmates’ participation
in recreational
activities N145————————————————————33
Table
4.7 Level of inmates’ participation
in agricultural
rehabilitation
facilities/skill N 145———————————-34
Table
4.8 Inmates’ Assessment on the
Quantity/Quantity
of
Basic Facilities——————————————————–35
Table 4.9 The relationship between gender and inmates—————-37
Table
4.10 Extent to which inmates benefit
from
the social
welfare service N255————————————-39
Table 4.11 staff opinion of the state of
rehabilitation facilities N40—-40
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION:
1.1
Background
of the Study
The
noble goal of the prisons services is to reform those who pass through the
prison gates and also to protect the society from the convicted felons. It also
serves to keep in safe custody persons legally sentenced to jail and identify
the cause of inherent anti social behavior and treat and reform them to become
law-abiding citizens. The prison also has the responsibilities to train inmates
in trades that will make them useful to themselves and the society at large.
(prisons lecture manual 2003).
According
to the Jarma (2001) these objectives are not being met in Nigeria, he contend
that instead of reforming inmates the prisons system is hardening them and
subjecting them to horrible, degrading conditions and punishment, sometimes
exceeding the crime committed, the process makes them to become physicals and
psychological damaged, with the feeling of been unwanted, unloved and abandoned
in uncaring environment.
Most
studies of prison in Nigeria have been concerned with the sociological analysis
of the prisons as social systems that have examined inmates (Sarki 2003,
Muhammad, 2005).
Yet
little attention has been given to the other factors that lead to the failure,
in achieving the stated objectives i.e reforming, rehabilitation and
reintegration. Such factors are inmates’ rehabilitation facilities which are
almost in obsolete state and poor management in handling the available one.
Inmates’ rehabilitation facilities which comprised of inmates’ accommodations,
skill acquisition facilities, education facilities, recreational facilities
e.t.c are inadequate or in state of disrepair. Many prisons in Nigeria have no
basis utility services e.g toilet, water, light, medicine, etc and where they
have are severely limited. (Asokhia M.O 2012)
Though
Nigeria government budges a little amount in comparison with other countries in
the world with almost the same population size but corruptions, poor
management, unprofessionalism n handling the facilities are the accelerating
factor to this unwanted situation. (Ogundipe 2008)
To
find a solution to these problems and proposed ways of improvement in the
management of inmates’ rehabilitation facilities are the question that this
project will address.
1.2
Statement
of the Problem
One
of the cardinal’s objectives of prison system is to wear prisoners away from
crime and other anti-social activities and give them direction that will enable
them lead normal live again. The idea is to employ the period of incarceration
to impact other offenders the need to be law-abiding (prison lecture manual 2007)
Prisons
are conceived as corrective institutions. They already are or are fast becoming
so in many part of the world. They are usually structure to identify the
peculiar problems of each inmate and device means of guiding the individual out
of problems (Muhammad .B. 2005)
Studies
however reveal that Nigeria prison rather than being reformative and
rehabilitative they are punitive, degrading and dehumanizing and leave the
prisoners with least opportunity of re-entry in to the society (Basher Tanimu 2010).
Finding
however reveal that several factors are responsible for these undesirable
situation here are some: corruption which has eaten deep into the fabrics of
Nigerian, inadequate funding and bad management make many prisons to lack
essential inmates’ rehabilitation facilities e.g accommodation, skill
acquisition, educational and recreational facilities and were they exist they
are grossly inadequate for the population, in some prisons officials complain
of lack of portable water, inadequate sewage facilities which is having
devastating effect on the health of inmates’(Muhammad .B. 2010)
Thus
Nigeria needs conductive prisons, where function of reforming, rehabilitation
and reintegration would be accomplished, not prisons that been regard as punishment
ground, and it is as a result of all these aforementioned problems that this
research work is being carried out.
1.3 Significance of the study
When
the study is carry- out will elicit necessary feed stock, which can facilitate
the improvement of rehabilitation among prisons inmates’ in Kaduna, Zaria and
Nigeria at large. This study will generally provide a window to a glimpse into
the factors affecting the performance of the Nigerian prisons in the
rehabilitation of inmates’.
This
study is also significant because if carefully carried out or done will serve
as spring board for future research in the field of rehabilitation among
prisoners.
Finally,
it can also aid policy making towards the improvement of prison system in
Nigeria such that after prisoner might have been released will have been
acquainted with skill for self sustenance and will go along way to foretell and
expose criminal activities in Nigeria.
.
1.4 Aim and Objectives
1.4.1 Aim
The
aim of this study is to assess the inmates’ rehabilitation facilities in Kaduna
and Zaria prisons, with a view to seeking improvements thereof.
1.4.2 Objectives
1.
To find out whether the
types of inmates’ rehabilitation facilities and their services are in
compliance with the international best practices.
2.
To assess the
incarceration condition of the inmates’ with respect to accommodation, feeding,
education, skill acquisition, medication and recreation.
3.
To determine the
effectiveness of inmates’ rehabilitation facilities services.
4.
To find out the
barriers to rehabilitation in Nigerian prison service.
5.
To find solution to the
problems.
1.8
Methodology
The
methods to be used in this research are administration of questionnaire and
checklist. Interview will be conducted in Kaduna and Zaria prison to the both
staff and inmates, physical inspection to the facilities will carry out.
The
data obtain from the checklist and questionnaire will be interpreted and
analyzed using descriptive statics as frequency and percentage.
1.6 Scope and limitation
This
project is limited to inmates’ rehabilitation facilities in Kaduna Zaria
prisons, however; this is a fair representation of assessment of inmates’
facilities situation of all prisons in the country.
1.7
Delimitation
The
research is delimited by difficultly in having access to the data because of
the security nature of the data.