CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Onasanga S.A. B (1990) said, that word secretary” ultimately came from the latin word “sectrum” meaning secret. Original it meant, one entrusted with secrets and confidence of a superior”. In middle English, it was secretaries and in middle latin, it was secretaries. In France from 13th to the 16th century, the word secretaries meant a confident. It also became an administrative term meaning “someone who transcribes or arranges for another.”
By 1847, the definition in the first millennium Webster Dictionary was greatly expanded “secretary” – (1) A person employed by a public body or by a company or by an individual, to write orders, letters, dispatches, public or private papers, records and the like.
Secretary –(2) an officer whose business is to manage the affairs of a particular department of government as the secretary of state.
Today, the word “secretary” is commonly stereoy typed a person who types correspondence” or a dictation taker”. To better describe the administrative and information management functions of today’s office support staff, the term administrative professionals” is recommended as blanket term for officer support staff by the international association of administrative professionals (IAAP).
The introduction of the secretarial profession is as old as man and nature. The role arose out of the natural need for a prominent person to whom confidential matters could be entrusted and who could act as an assistant for a principal.
It is known that secretaries existed in Rome prior to the establishment of the empire. They were usually educated men who took dictations as “scribes” and often times acted as trusted advisors.
However, Ezugu (2004) stated that a secretary was someone to whom an absolute confidence is reposed on, who could write letters for a king or great nobles and who could keep the content to herself.
Before the invention of parchment and reed pens, tools of the trade for scribes ranged from chisels used upon stones to stylnses used on day, wood or wax tablets. Events and works of great men during that time were recorded in one form or the other. Like Alexander the great said, “reliable records show that the present sky secretary come from the genesis whose oldest is ‘penman”.
The first secretarial personnel officer trained were stylishly called ‘penman’ and this art is known as ‘penmanship’. The penman originally used guill feathers as pen in making fancifully wridings. Other classes of secretaries emerged after the penman called ‘the write” and constituted themselves into what could be regarded as ‘chartered secretaries” who rendered useful services to individuals and organizations that requires their services at about the time, this become the basis of the profession at those early times as there were no typewriters then to accentuate the shorthand.
In an expose contained in the new Encydopedia Britannica (1990:1052) on shorthand and typewriters, most historious date the beginnings of shorthand with the Greek historian xenophon, who used an ancient Greek recongnize the memoirs of Socrates it was in the Roman Empire however, that shorthand first became generally used. Marcus Tallius Tiro, a learned freed man who was a member of cicero’s household, invented the Tironians notes-which was the first latin shorthand system. It was devised in 63 B.C. it lasted over a thousand years. The latin Tironian shorthand became popular enough to be compiled into shorthand dictation and used by emperors and learned clergymen in speed writing.
As a result, a number of shorthand systems were invented. In 1837, Isaac pitman published his first latin edition of the art. In 1840, the second edition of his work appeared, under the title “phonographe or writing by sound being also a new and natural system of shorthand.
His work which was in different forms include pitman’s shorthand instructor and key; new Era;
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The secretaries in the past believed that once they could type. They can carry out secretarial function properally, but not so. To measure up as a secretary you have to work hard to broden up your knowledge not just typing documents.
The past secretaries were just those who stays in front of their bosses office, type letters for them and carry out some orders like clearning the office or deliever massage to business partners and friends. Some of these typist decided to enroll in a nearby evening private secretarial schools, where they will go and learn how to write shorthand and transcribe their shorthand outline, then at the end of the day they will be given a certificate showing that they can type and write little shorthand.
The secretaries of the past were refered to as typist or stenographers but still there attitude to work was not even encouraging at all.
Their equipment used by these traditional secretaries are, their quill pen with ink which was used for writing shorthand at the rate of 10 words per minutes; and their manual typewriters which cannot produce the best with much fatique at the end of the day, these secretaries will still sit there at the entrance of their bosses office waiting to type another letter, and people look at them as dropout and low class workers who deserves no special recognition in the growth of the organization. The problem faced by these sets of people was the fear of continually remaining subordinates to their boss and may never be bosses themselves.
They even work more hard than any other person in the organization, but are paid very low amount of money, they don’t even have good working environment at all.
For the recent or secretaries of today are been improved in so many ways. But despite these new inventions that has really affected and changed the roles of secretaries in today’s fast growing organization. The secretaries are yet to be a substitute for the secretary in any business organization.
And some of these problems are, increase in salaries, a venue for advancements and employment opportunities and these were expatriate executives. These male stenographers were never placed as confidential secretaries rather only the female expatriates were given such opportunities because their language was used, secondly, they were wall trained for the skills before coming to Nigeria. He further stated that by 1960, the expatriates left Nigeria while some Nigerians men and woman on training replaced their positions.