ABSTRACT
This study was aimed at investigating the level of application
of quality assurance in public and private secondary schools in Aba
municipality of Abia State Nigeria. The systems theory and the human relation
theory x and x McGregor and scientific
management of Frederick Taylor were used as foundation of the study,
four research questions were raised and covered of four research hypothesis to
pilot the study. A sample of 144 teachers was drown from seven public and
secondary school in the Local Government Area of study this was carried out
using the simple random sampling technique. Twenty (20) teacher were selected
from of the selectee secondary schools the four hypothesis were analyzed using
Pearson product moment correlation (coefficient and tested at 0.05 level of
significance. The findings rejected all four null hypothesis and the alternate
hypothesis upheld, revealing that application of school facilities modern
technology teachers welfare condition and instructional supervision
significantly relate to quality assurance in public and private secondary
schools. It was recommended that the government should provide the basic
facilities for schools to enable them meet up with the era of globalization.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the study
The
importance of Administrators’ Supervisory stalls in Secondary School in Aba
municipality of Abia State cannot be over view Administrators in Secondary Schools are leaders, (Bikpong
2002) indicated that leadership deals with having a comprehensive view of the
activities’ and problems of the institutions; with view in mind, the
Administrators as a head of a organization of teacher’s in schools system has
the function of conversation with the teachers in order to improve learning,
with this method the students’ through instruction supervision they sees
instructional supervision as one of the
process where by school administrators try to achieve a meaningful standards of
performance and results, instructional supervision is quality tool control in the
system activities of school administrators which directed to primarily the
achievement of appropriate expectation
of educational system according to Nakpodia (2011).
Peretomode, (2004) in view that
instructional supervision is seen as activities carried out by the
administrators to inhence instruction at all levels of the school system
–Dittirainga, 1999 state that the role of administrators is to facilitate the
implementation of the various Leaving Situation Teachers where new or old on the job need necessary support
in implementing the instructional programmes’ Administrators as a school heads,
need to provide effective support to teachers’ they have to be involves in the
implementation of instructional programmes by over viewing that teachers are doing
with the student.
It is an administrators he should devote
himself to supervise the teaching learning process in his schools.
The administrators as the supervisor is
the one who oversees the activities’ of teachers’ and other workers’ in the
school system to ensure that they improve to the general accepted
administrators’ and practice of education. Denga (1986) sees’ administrators as
some one who’s provide “supervision” to the school in terms of perceiving
deniable objectives, maintaining a balance in the curriculum and rendering help
to teachers regarding teaching methods are other instructional problems that the encounter.
The
National Policy on Education (2004) states that, to ensure quality control in
the school, it is necessary to have good teachers and supervisors. The primary
responsibility of the supervisors’ is to see that high standards are maintained
and the schools are run in accordance with the land down regulation.
The
Ministry of Education, State Universal Basic Education and the Secondary
Schools Board should appoint administrators to conform and maintain standard in
our school through their supervisory function. The board appoints people that
are mainly experienced in the teaching profession for the purposes of
supervising the teaching learning activities.
According
the Peretomode (2004) suggested that the following purpose of instructional
behaviour or supervisors in the school
a. To directly
influence the behaviour of teachers and the teaching processes employed to
promote student learning.
b. To ensure
that each individual teachers within the school system has been performing the
job of which he was scheduled.
c. To
co-operatively develop favourable climate for teachers performance teaching and
learning.
The
use of instructional supervision skill is a means of helping the teachers’ cope
with the problem of large student population and development in the education
setting. Instructional supervision skills are important. The skills help to
inhence the teachers’ on their job performance and to facilitated effective
materials , example, micro teaching and workshops, classroom communication,
students’ evaluation classroom management, inter-school visitation among
others. In this study, the researcher to find out how that the above mention supervision
skill can influence teachers’ job performance in secondary schools in Aba
municipality.
1.2 Theoretical
framework
1. Theory X and Y McGregor
2. Scientific management theory
Theory X and theory Y
These theories deals with human
motivation created and developed by Douglas McGregor at the MIT stoan school of
Administrative in the 1960s that have been used in human resource
Administrative, organizational behaviour, and organizational development. The
describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation.
Theory X of McGregor
In
this x and y theory, Administrative assumes teacher are inherently lazy and
will avoid job if they can and that they inherently dislike job performance. As
a result of this, Administrators believes that teachers’ need to be closely
supervised and comprehensive systems of controls developed.
A hierarchical structure is needed with
narrow span of control at each and every level. According to this theory
teachers’ will show little a inbition without a enticing incentive program and
will avoid responsibility when ever they can according to Dr. Kumi Mark, if the
organizational goals are to be met, theory x Administratively heavily on threat
and coercion to gain their teachers’ compliance. Believes of this theory lead
to instruct, highly restrictive supervision, and a punitive atmosphere. The
theory x Administrative tends to believe that everything must end in blaming
some one. He or she thinks all prospective teachers are only out for
themselves.
A
theory x Administrative believes that his or her teachers do not really
want to work, that they would rather avoid responsibility and the it is the
Administrative’s job to structure the work end energize the teachers.
One
major flow of this Administrators style is it is much more likely to cause
diseconomies of scale in large picture.
Theory Y
In
this theory, Administrators assumes teachers may be ambitious and
self-motivated and exercise self-control. It is believed that teachers enjoy
their mental and physical job performance. According to than job is a natural
as play.
The
possess the ability for creative problem solving, that their talents are under
used in most organizations. Given the proper conditions. Theory Y
Administrators believer that teachers will learn to seek out and accept
responsibility and to exercise self control and self-direction in accomplishing
objectives to which they are committed.
A
theory Y Administrators believes that, give the right condition, most people
will want to do will at work. They believe that the satisfaction of doing a
good job in strong motivation. Many people interpret theory Y as a positive set
of beliefs about teacher.
A
close reading of the human side of enterprise
reveals that McGregor simply argues for Administrators to be opened to a
move positive view of teacher job performance and the possibilities that, this
creates. He climate of trust with teachers that is required for theory
Administrative to develop the climate of trust with teacher that is required
for teacher development.
It’s
teacher development that is a crucial aspect of any organization. This would
include Administrators management openly with subordinates, minimizing the
difference between supervisor subordinate relationship, creation comfortable
environment in which subordinate can
develop and use their abilities this environment would include sharing of decision making so that
subordinates have a say in decision that
influence them.
Theory x and theory combined McGregor
Has
identified theory x and theory y differently for the basic characteristics
stated previously in the above sections of what these theories represent-
theory x assumptions are that individuals dislike their careers. Theory x
people have to be supervised.
As for theory y assumption are that
individuals like their careers and willing to take part in responsibility.
Theory y people don’t need supervision and can be expected to turn good
productive value in their jobs.
1.3 Statement
of the problem
In
Nigeria, education is on the concurrent list of government and this makes the
issue of instructional supervision to vary from one state to another. However,
some states have adequate arrangement in place to effectively supervise
instruction at all level of education particularly in secondary school whereas
some states failed to put necessary machineries in place to effectively
supervise instruction in their secondary schools.
Currently
most administrators neglected their duty as educational supervisors but
concentrated on managing and administrating schools, instead. Cawelti and
Reavis (1980) found that adminstrators spent less than a third of their time in
supervision. They reported to have used only 20% of their time for visiting
classes, curriculum related task and staff development activities. Ministry
directives (No 3/1987) clearly stated that as professional leaders, school
administrators are responsible for successful curriculum implementation in
their schools. This objective could not possibly achieve unless the
administrators systematically supervise and make it a top priority to do so.
Although,
supervision can help to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning
activities in classrooms, but not without problems. Abdul, (1988b) observed
that some kind of conflict drifted the teacher being observed and the
Administrators apart. Probably due to teachers attitude and perception that the
administrators are under qualified and from a different discipline of studies.
However, this study intend to evaluate the influence of administrators
supervisory skills and teachers job performance in secondary schools of Aba
south local government Area of Abia State.
1.4 Purpose
of the study
The
purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Administrators
supervision skills and teachers’ job performance in teaching effectiveness in
Abi municipality.
Specifically, the study was design to find
out.
1. Administrators’
supervisory skills and teachers’ job performance use of instructional materials
2. Administrators’
supervisory skills and teachers competence in classroom management
3. Administrators’
supervisory skill and teachers competence in students’ evaluation
4. Administrators’
supervisory skills and teachers disciplinary abilities.
1.5 Research questions
The
following research questions were design to give guide to the study. They
include.
1. To what
extent does Administrators supervisory skills affect of teacher’s job
performance using of instructional material?
2. How does
Administrators’ supervisory skills influence teachers’ performance in classroom
management.
3. To what
extent does administrators’ supervisory skills relate to teachers’ competence
in students evaluation?
4. How does
Administrators’ supervisory skill influence teachers’ ability to discipline
student?
1.6 Statement of hypothesis
To
establish the direction of this study the following hypothesis where
formulated.
1. There is no
significant relationship between Administrators’ supervisory skills and
teachers’ job performance using instructional materials.
2. There is no
significant relationship between Administrators’ supervisor skills and
teachers’ performance in classroom management
3. There is no
significant relationship between Administrators’ supervisory skills and
teachers’ competence in student evaluations
4. There is no
significant relationship between Administrators’ supervisory skills and
teachers job performance in disciplinary abilities.
1.7 Significance of the study
We
believed that this study may lead to the revelation that some administrator
approaches in their supervisory skills may not improve with the school setting
and he may decide to change his approach based on what may emerge from these
studies.
The
involves helping teachers’ to be properly prepared and be guided before coming
to the class to enable him/her successful carried out his assignment of
teaching and learning. To meet up with the expection of Nigeria educational philosophy.
For
student, the finding would be to them, for it would stand as a basic for onward
day to day teaching which help enhance adequate preparation by teachers as they
are assessed by the Administrators. It’s expected that this study will surely
lead to improve teaching and learning by teachers and students’.
1.8
Assumption of the study
The
following assumptions were made as a direction to the expected variables of the
study;
1. It is
assured that the variables of this study are measurable
2. Administrators
supervisory skills influence teacher’s teaching performance in secondary
schools in Aba south
1.9 Scope of the study
The
study will be limited to the public secondary schools in Aba municipality in
Abia state.
1.10 Definition
of term
a. Administrators: Administrators
are capable men and woman appointed by Secondary Schools Boards to head the
Secondary School system.
b. Supervision: This
involves the mechanism us by expected role and norms of the organization in
order to achieve the establish aim and objectives of the organization.
c. Skill: These are method or
various method use to accomplish a goal
d. Teachers’: In
a school setting are those who interpret the content of the curriculum to the
understanding to learners’.