CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
It is true that no nation can rise above the quality of education provided for her citizens. And since the advent of western education in Nigeria, examinations have been the major instrument used for the evaluation of learners. i.e. (student achievement)
Examination is an instrument used or the assessment of individual skills and knowledge content both in general and specific areas of studies and overall academic achievement or performance.
To Liman as cited by Arifayan (2004) examination in broad perspective is an instrument for testing, assessing, evaluation and accreditations, thus in school, examination is a potent instrument for judgment of knowledge or competence.
Alutu (2005) simply defined examination as a process of measuring how much knowledge a student in an institution of learning has acquired after exposing him/her to definite course of instruction.
Drawing upon these definitions, examination can rightly be said to be an indispensable tool in our educational system. In fact it serves in various purposes, e.g for grade and awards of certificates, promotion, selection of best candidates for various purposes and admission.
From the above it can be seen that success in examination serves as a good motivator for students, lecturers, school administrators and employers of labour, but on the other hand failure to perform successfully in examinations demoralizes all and sundry, especially students.
It is the crave to succeeded and avoid frustration or any embarrassment associated with failure that made the student to engage in examination malpractice which has threatened the very foundation of our educational system.
The origin of examination malpractice dates back to the senior Cambridge local examinations leakage in (1914)
Effect from that time, it has graduated from mere stretching of neck (Giraffing) to see what another candidate is writing during examination or consulting unauthorized notes or book inside or outside or outside the examination hall to such sophisticated methods as the use of micro computers, mobile phones and Gen(s) to intimidate those concerned with the administration of examination.
Examination malpractice is construed as irregularities, violations of or infringement on examination rules and regulation before, during or after the conduct of examination (2005/2006) student handbook of information, Auchi polytechnic Auchi.
Alutu (2005) defines examination malpractice as involving a deliberate act of wrong doing contrary to official examination rules, and it designed to place a candidate in an unfair advantage.
Examination malpractice also refers to any act of wrong doing or neglect that contravenes the rules acceptable practical before, during and after examinations by anybody in anyway which is tantamount to malpractice, such act could be carried out by the candidate, examination officials (such as an examiner, invigilator, invigilator, supervisor typist security personnel heads of institutions etc)
In conclusion, it has eaten deep into the heart of the nations, educational system as student/ candidate now regards examination malpractice as the ultimate process to success
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Examination malpractice has been on the increase in our society as the years rolled by, numerous research work have been carried out by various researchers pertaining to malpractice in our educational system.
Inspite of these, it has been the order of the day in various institutions, schools and colleges
However it could be said to
1. promote laziness and laxity in school whereby student do not read books anymore to meditates day and night upon what has been taught
2. Cancellation of result?
3. lack of motivation or incentive to read hard in order to be successful in examination
4. threat from lectures as a result of students failure to comply with certain demand (sexual harassment)