A SURVEY OF
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT IN ENHANCING THE WORK PERFORMANCE OF OTM
GRADUATES IN SELECTED ORGANISATION IN ABUJA
ABSTRACT
The
research provides a survey of data base
management in enhancing the work performance of OTM graduates in selected
organization in Abuja.it provides a conceptual and theoretical appraisal of
data base management and its significance in enhancing the work performance of
OTM graduates.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
A database is an organized collection of data.[1] It
is the collection of schemes, tables, queries, reports, views and other
objects. The data is typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way
that supports processes
requiring information, such as modelling the availability of rooms in hotels in
a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies.
A database management system (DBMS) is a computer software
application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database
itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow
the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases.
Well-known DBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase
and IBM DB2. A
database is not generally portable
across different DBMSs, but different DBMS can interoperate by using standards
such as SQL
and ODBC or
JDBC to
allow a single application to work with more than one DBMS. Database management
systems are often classified according to the database model
that they support; the most popular database systems since the 1980s have all
supported the relational model as
represented by the SQL language.
Sometimes a
DBMS is loosely referred to as a ‘database’Formally, a “database”
refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to this
data is usually provided by a “database management system” (DBMS)
consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to
interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data
contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to
particular data). The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage
and retrieval of large quantities of information as well as provides ways to
manage how that information is organized. Because of the close relationship
between them, the term “database” is often used casually to refer to
both a database and the DBMS used to manipulate it. Outside the world of
professional information
technology, the term database is often used to refer to any collection of related
data (such as a spreadsheet or
a card index).
This article
is concerned only with databases where the size and usage requirements
necessitate use of a database management system.[2]Existing
DBMSs provide various functions that allow management of a database and its
data which can be classified into four main functional groups:
- Data definition
– Creation, modification and removal of definitions that define the
organization of the data. - Update – Insertion,
modification, and deletion of the actual data.[3] - Retrieval
– Providing information in a form directly usable or for further
processing by other applications. The retrieved data may be made available
in a form basically the same as it is stored in the database or in a new
form obtained by altering or combining existing data from the database.[4] - Administration
– Registering and monitoring users, enforcing data security, monitoring
performance, maintaining data integrity, dealing with concurrency control,
and recovering information that has been corrupted by some event such as
an unexpected system failure.[5]
Both a database and its DBMS conform to
the principles of a particular database model.[6]
“Database system” refers collectively to the database model, database
management system, and database.[7]Physically,
database servers
are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS
and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor
computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage.
RAID is usedfor recovery of data if any of the disks fail. Hardware database
accelerators, connected to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, are
also used in large volume transaction processing environments.
DBMSs are found at
the heart of most database
applications. DBMSs may be built around a custom multitaskingkernel
with built-in networking
support, but modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard operating system
to provide these functions. Since DBMSs comprise a significant economicalmarket,
computer and storage vendors often take into account DBMS requirements in their
own development plans. Databases and DBMSs can be categorized according to the
database model(s) that they support (such as relational or XML), the type(s) of
computer they run on (from a server cluster to a mobile phone), the query language(s)
used to access the database (such as SQL or XQuery),
and their internal engineering, which affects performance, scalability,
resilience, and security
CHAPTER
1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Databases are used to support internal
operations of organizations and to underpin online interactions with customers
and suppliers (see Enterprise software).
Databases are used to hold
administrative information and more specialized data, such as engineering data
or economic models. Examples of database applications include computerized library systems,
flight reservation systems and
computerized parts inventory
systems.
Application areas of DBMS
1. Banking:
For customer information, accounts, and
loans, and banking transactions.
2. Airlines:
For reservations and schedule
information. Airlines were among the first to use databases
in a geographically distributed manner – terminals
situated around the world accessed the central database
system through phone lines and other
data networks.
3.
Universities:
For student information, course registrations, and grades.
4. Credit
card transactions: For purchases on credit cards and generation of monthly statements.
5. Telecommunication: For keeping records of calls made,
generating monthly
bills, maintaining balances on prepaid calling
cards, and storing information about the communication networks.
6.
Finance: For storing
information about holdings, sales, and purchases of financial instruments such as stocks and bonds.
7. Sales: For
customer, product, and purchase information.
8. Manufacturing: For management of supply chain and for
tracking production of items in factories,
inventories of items in warehouses
/ stores, and orders for items.
9. Human
resources: For information about employees, salaries, payroll taxes and benefits, and
for generation of paychecks.[8]
A DBMS has
evolved into a complex software system and its development typically requires
thousands of person-years of development effort.[9]
Some general-purpose DBMSs such as Adabas, Oracle
and DB2 have been undergoing upgrades since the 1970s. General-purpose DBMSs
aim to meet the needs of as many applications as possible, which adds to the
complexity. However, the fact that their development cost can be spread over a
large number of users means that they are often the most cost-effective
approach.
However, a
general-purpose DBMS is not always the optimal solution: in some cases a
general-purpose DBMS may introduce unnecessary overhead. Therefore, there are many
examples of systems that use special-purpose databases. A common example is an email
system that performs many of the functions of a general-purpose DBMS such as
the insertion and deletion of messages composed of various items of data or
associating messages with a particular email address; but these functions are
limited to what is required to handle email and don’t provide the user with the
all of the functionality that would be available using a general-purpose
DBMS.Many other databases have application software
that accesses the database on behalf of end-users, without exposing the DBMS
interface directly. Application programmers may use a wire protocol
directly, or more likely through an application programming interface.
Database
designers and database administrators interact with the DBMS through dedicated
interfaces to build and maintain the applications’ databases, and thus need
some more knowledge and understanding about how DBMSs operate and the DBMSs’
external interfaces and tuning parameters. The research shall provide a survey
of database management in enhancing the work performance of OTM graduates.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The
problem confronting this research is to conduct a survey of database management in enhancing the work
performance of OTM graduate in selected organization in Abuja
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
1 What constitute database management?
2 What are the functions of database management
in enhancing the work performance of OTM graduate?
3 What
is the nature of database management in enhancing the work performance of OTM
graduates in selected organization in Abuja?
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1
To determine the nature and functions
of database management in enhancing the work performance of OTM graduates
2
To provide a survey of the
significance of database management in enhancing the work performance of OTM
graduates in selected organization in abuja.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. The study shall provide a conceptual and
theoretical framework of the nature and significance of database management in
enhancing the work performance of OTM graduates
2. It shall provide a veritable source of
information on database management to administrators and office managers
1.6 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
1
H0 The work of OTM graduate in selected organization in Abuja is not significant
H1 The work of OTM graduate in selected
organization in Abuja is significant
2 H0
Database management does not enhance the work performance of OTM graduate in selected organization in
Abuja
H1 Database
management enhances the work performance of OTM graduate in selected organization in Abuja
3 H0 The
level of performance of OTM graduate in selected organization in Abuja is low
H1 The level of performance of OTM graduate in
selected organization in Abuja is high
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
study provides a survey of database management in enhancing the work
performance of OTM graduate in selected organization in Abuja
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. A database
is an organized collection of data.[1] It
is the collection of schemes, tables, queries, reports, views and other objects.
The data is typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that
supports processes
requiring information, such as modelling the availability of rooms in hotels in
a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies.
2. A database
management system (DBMS)
is a computer software
application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database
itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow
the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases.
Well-known DBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase
and IBM DB2.