(a) Briefly discuss the cultivation of cassava under the following:
(i) Soil requirement (ii) Land Preparation (iii) Spacing (iv) Weed Control (iv) Fertilizer Requirement (vii) Harvesting (viii) Storage
(b) Complete the following table under the following.
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Name of Diseases | Causal Organism | Farm animal | Symptoms |
Control |
| i | Coccidiosis | ||||
| ii | Rinderpes |
Explanation
(a) Cultivation of cassava
(i) Soil requirements
– Grows best on well drained sandy loam or clay loam
– Tolerant to poor soils
(ii) Land propagation
– Land is cleared, stumped, ploughed and harrowed
– Ridges/mounds could be made – May also be planted on flat land
(iii) Propagation
– Propagation by stem cuttings
– Stem cuttings are planted at an angle of about 45° or in a slanting position or buried flat
– About 2/3 of the stem cutting is buried in the soil
– The cuttings used must contain a good number of nodes
– Can also be propagated by seed (iv) Spacing
– lm x 1m
– 90cm x 90cm
(v) Weed control
– Regular weeding is done with use of hoe or cutlass
– Herbiscus could be used to control weeds
– Hand pulling of weeds could be done on a small scale
(vi) Fertilizer requirement
– Potassium fertilizer, e.g. muriate of potash
– NPK 10:10:20 or 15:15:15
(vii) Harvesting
– Maturity is about 6-15 months
– Harvesting is done by uprooting the tubers manually or mechanically
(viii) Storage
– Stored in processed forms such as cassava flour, chips, garri
– Tubers can be placed in a pit and covered with earth for storage on a small scale
– Could be peeled and kept in deep freezers
(b) Completion of the table Coccidiosis
(i) Casual organism
-Protozoan (Eimera spp)
(ii) Farm animal affected
– Poultry
– Rabbit
– Sheep
– Goat
(iii) Symptom
– Foul
-smelling droppings
– Bloody diarrhoea/droppings
– Droopiness
– Emaciation
– Rise in body temperature
– Loss of hair or alopecia (in rabbit)
(iv) Control
– Treatment with coccidiostat
– Regular change of litter
– Provision of clean water and feed
– Use of foot bath at the entrance of poultry houses Rlnderpest
(i) Causal organism
– Virus
(ii) Farm animal affected
– Cattle
– Goat
– Sheep
(iii) Symptom
– High fever
– Bloody diarrhoea
– Reduced milk yield
– High mortality
– Difficulty in breathing
– Lesions on tongue
(iv) Control
– Cull and destroy infected animal
– Routine vaccination